German Civil Code Volume I
Books 1-3: §§ 1-1296
Zusammenfassung
The Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch is the very backbone of German civil law. Its legal concepts and principles are essential for the understanding of the law of one of Europe’s major legal systems. In its first edition, this article-by-article commentary covers Books 1 to 3 of the German Civil Code:
General Part
Law of Obligations
Law of Property.
The commentary reflects the law on 31 December 2018 and includes translations of legislation until 31 December 2019. The clear and uniform structure of each commentary allows for easy navigation through the complex legal concepts and challenging terminology. Through concise explanations, the abstract articles are brought to life and their meaning becomes accessible to lawyers, legislators, students, scholars, and translators.
This commentary is edited by Professor Dr Gerhard Dannemann, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Professor Dr Reiner Schulze, University of Münster. The contributors to the commentary are academics and practitioners in the field of civil and comparative law.
Abstract
The Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch is the very backbone of German civil law. Its legal concepts and principles are essential for the understanding of the law of one of Europe’s major legal systems. In its first edition, this article-by-article commentary covers Books 1 to 3 of the German Civil Code:
General Part
Law of Obligations
Law of Property.
The commentary reflects the law on 31 December 2018 and includes translations of legislation until 31 December 2019. The clear and uniform structure of each commentary allows for easy navigation through the complex legal concepts and challenging terminology. Through concise explanations, the abstract articles are brought to life and their meaning becomes accessible to lawyers, legislators, students, scholars, and translators.
This commentary is edited by Professor Dr Gerhard Dannemann, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Professor Dr Reiner Schulze, University of Münster. The contributors to the commentary are academics and practitioners in the field of civil and comparative law.
- Kapitel Ausklappen | EinklappenSeiten
- I–XXVIII Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis I–XXVIII
- 1–17 Introduction 1–17
- 17–309 Book 1 General Part 17–309
- 17–108 Division 1. Persons (§§ 1–89) 17–108
- 17–33 Title 1. Natural persons, consumers, entrepreneurs (§§ 1–20) 17–33
- 33–108 Title 2. Legal persons (§§ 21–89) 33–108
- Subtitle 1. Associations (§§ 21–79a)
- Chapter 1. General provisions (§§ 21–54)
- Chapter 2. Registered associations (§§ 55–79a)
- Subtitle 2. Foundations (§§ 80–88)
- Subtitle 3. Legal persons under public law (§§ 89)
- 108–122 Division 2. Things and animals (§§ 90–103) 108–122
- 122–247 Division 3. Legal transactions (§§ 104–185) 122–247
- 122–138 Title 1. Capacity to contract (§§ 104–115) 122–138
- 138–193 Title 2. Declaration of intent (§§ 116–144) 138–193
- 193–209 Title 3. Contract (§§ 145–157) 193–209
- 209–215 Title 4. Conditions and specification of time (§§ 158–163) 209–215
- 215–241 Title 5. Agency and authority (§§ 164–181) 215–241
- 241–247 Title 6. Consent and ratification (§§ 182–185) 241–247
- 247–255 Division 4. Periods of time and fixed dates (§§ 186–193) 247–255
- 255–293 Division 5. Limitation (§§ 194–225) 255–293
- 255–274 Title 1. Subject-matter and duration of limitation (§§ 194–202) 255–274
- 274–288 Title 2. Suspension, suspension of expiry and recommencement of the limitation period (§§ 203–213) 274–288
- 288–293 Title 3. Legal consequences of limitation (§§ 214–225) 288–293
- 293–299 Division 6. Exercise of rights, self-defence, self-help (§§ 226–231) 293–299
- 299–309 Division 7. Provision of securitiy (§§ 232–240) 299–309
- 309–1691 Book 2 Law of Obligations 309–1691
- 309–442 Division 1. Subject matter of obligations (§§ 241–310) 309–442
- 309–436 Title 1. Duty of performance (§§ 241–292) 309–436
- 436–442 Title 2. Default by the obligee (§§ 293–304) 436–442
- 442–466 Division 2. Drafting contractual obligations by means of standard business terms (§§ 305–310) 442–466
- 466–616 Division 3. Contractual obligations (§§ 311–360) 466–616
- 466–521 Title 1. Creation, subject matter and termination (§§ 311–319) 466–521
- Subtitle 1. Creation (§§ 311–311c)
- Subtitle 2. Principles applying to consumer contracts; particular types of sale (§§ 312–312k)
- Chapter 1. Scope of application and principles applying to consumer contracts (§§ 312–312a)
- Chapter 2. Off-premises contracts and distance contracts (§§ 312b–312h)
- Chapter 3. Contracts in electronic commerce (§§ 312i–312j)
- Chapter 4. Deviating agreements and burden of proof (§§ 312k)
- Subtitle 3. Adaption and ending of contracts (§§ 313–314)
- Subtitle 4. Unilateral rights to specify performance (§§ 315–319)
- 521–541 Title 2. Reciprocal contracts (§§ 320–327) 521–541
- 541–553 Title 3. Promise of performance to a third party (§§ 328–335) 541–553
- 553–564 Title 4. Earnest, contractual penalty (§§ 336–345) 553–564
- 564–616 Title 5. Revocation; right of withdrawal in consumer contracts (§§ 346–361) 564–616
- Subtitle 1. Revocation (§§ 346–354)
- Subtitle 2. Right of withdrawal in consumer contracts (§§ 355–361)
- 616–665 Division 4. Extinction of obligations (§§ 362–397) 616–665
- 616–633 Title 1. Performance (§§ 362–371) 616–633
- 633–648 Title 2. Deposit (§§ 372–386) 633–648
- 648–663 Title 3. Set-off (§§ 387–396) 648–663
- 663–665 Title 4. Forgiveness (§ 397) 663–665
- 665–697 Division 5. Transfer of a claim (§§ 398–413) 665–697
- 697–707 Division 6. Assumption of debt (§§ 414–419) 697–707
- 707–732 Division 7. More than one obliger and obligee (§§ 420–432) 707–732
- 732–1691 Division 8. Particular types of obligations (§§ 433–853) 732–1691
- 732–834 Title 1. Purchase, exchange (§§ 433–480) 732–834
- Subtitle 1. General provisions (§§ 433–453)
- Subtitle 2. Special types of purchase (§§ 454–473)
- Chapter 1. Purchase on approval (§§ 454–455)
- Chapter 2. Repurchase (§§ 456–462)
- Chapter 3. Preemption (§§ 463–473)
- Subtitle 3. Purchase of consumer goods (§§ 474–479)
- Subtitle 4. Exchange (§ 480)
- 834–846 Title 2. Time-share agreements, contracts relating to long-term holiday products, brokerage contracts and exchange system contracts (§§ 481–487) 834–846
- 846–920 Title 3. Loan contract; financing assistance and contracts for delivery by instalments between an entrepreneur and a consumer (§§ 488–515) 846–920
- Subtitle 1. Loan contract (§§ 488–505e)
- Chapter 1. General provisions (§§ 488–490)
- Chapter 2. Special provisions for consumer credit agreements (§§ 491–505e)
- Subtitle 2. Financing assistance between an entrepreneur and a consumer (§§ 506–509)
- Subtitle 3. Contracts for delivery by installments between a trader and a consumer (§ 510)
- Subtitle 4. Advisory services in real estate consumer credit contracts (§ 511)
- Subtitle 5. Mandatory nature, application to founder of new business (§§ 512–513)
- Subtitle 6. Gratuitous credit agreements and gratuitous financing assistance between a trader and a consumer (§§ 514–515)
- 920–937 Title 4. Donation (§§ 516–534) 920–937
- 937–1054 Title 5. Lease, usufructuary lease (§§ 535–597) 937–1054
- Subtitle 1. General provisions for leases (§§ 535–548)
- Subtitle 2. Leases for residential space (§§ 549–577a)
- Chapter 1. General provisions (§§ 549–555)
- Chapter 1a. Structural maintenance and modernisation measures (§§ 555a–555f)
- Chapter 2. Rent (§§ 556–561)
- Subchapter 1. Agreements on rent (§§ 556–556c)
- Subchapter 1a. Agreements on rent amount upon commencement of a lease in areas with an overstretched housing market (§§ 556d–556g)
- Subchapter 2. Provisions on the rent amount (§§ 557–561)
- Chapter 3. Security right of the lessor (§§ 562–562d)
- Chapter 4. Change of parties to the contract (§§ 563–567b)
- Chapter 5. Termination at the lease (§§ 568–576b)
- Subchapter 1. General provisions (§§ 568–572)
- Subchapter 2. Leases for an indefinite period of time (§§ 573–574c)
- Subchapter 3. Leases for a definite period of time (§§ 575–575a)
- Subchapter 4. Tied dwellings (§§ 576–576b)
- Chapter 6. Special features when creating apartment ownership of leased residences (§§ 577–577a)
- Subtitle 3. Leases of other things (§§ 578–580a)
- Subtitle 4. Usufructuary lease (§§ 581–584b)
- Subtitle 5. Farm lease (§§ 585–597)
- 1054–1061 Title 6. Gratuitous loan (§§ 598–606) 1054–1061
- 1061–1064 Title 7. Contract for the loan of a thing (§§ 607–610) 1061–1064
- 1064–1162 Title 8. Service contract and similar contracts (§§ 611–630h) 1064–1162
- Subtitle 1. Service contract (§§ 611–630)
- Subtitle 2. Treatment contract (§§ 630a–630h)
- 1162–1254 Title 9. Contract to produce a work and similar contracts (§§ 631–651y) 1162–1254
- Subtitle 1. Contract to produce a work (§§ 631–650o)
- Chapter 1. General provisions (§§ 631–650)
- Chapter 2. Construction contract (§§ 650a–650h)
- Chapter 3. Consumer construction contracts (§§ 650i–650n)
- Chapter 4. Mandatory nature (§ 650o)
- Subtitle 2. Architect contract and engineer contract (§§ 650p–650t)
- Subtitle 3. Property development contract (§§ 650u–651)
- Subtitle 4. Package travel contract, retail and facilitation of linked travel services (§§ 651a–651y)
- 1254–1262 Title 10. Brokerage contract (§§ 652–656) 1254–1262
- Subtitle 1. General provision (§§ 652–655)
- Subtitle 2. Intermediation of consumer credit agreements and of nongratuitous financing assistance (§§ 655a–655e)
- Subtitle 3. Marriage broking (§ 656)
- 1262–1269 Title 11. Promise of a reward (§§ 657–661a) 1262–1269
- 1269–1375 Title 12. Mandate, contract for the management of the affairs of another and payment services (§§ 662–676c) 1269–1375
- Subtitle 1. Mandate (§§ 662–674)
- Subtitle 2. Contract for the management of the affairs of another (§§ 675–675b)
- Subtitle 3. Payment Services (§§ 675c–676c)
- Chapter 1. General provisions (§§ 675c–675e)
- Chapter 2. Payment services contract (§§ 675f–675i)
- Chapter 3. Provision and use of payment services (§§ 675j–676c)
- Subchapter 1. Authorisation of payment transactions; payment instruments; refusal of access to payment account (§§ 675j–675m)
- Subchapter 2. Execution of payment transactions (§§ 675n–675t)
- Subchapter 3. Liability (§§ 675u–676c)
- 1375–1392 Title 13. Agency without specific authorisation (§§ 677–687) 1375–1392
- 1392–1402 Title 14. Safekeeping (§§ 688–700) 1392–1402
- 1402–1411 Title 15. Bringing things onto the premises of innkeepers (§§ 701–704) 1402–1411
- 1411–1475 Title 16. Partnership (§§ 705–740) 1411–1475
- 1475–1491 Title 17. Co-ownership (§§ 741–758) 1475–1491
- 1491–1496 Title 18. Life annuity (§§ 759–761) 1491–1496
- 1496–1501 Title 19. Imperfect obligations (§§ 762–764) 1496–1501
- 1501–1532 Title 20. Suretyships (§§ 765–778) 1501–1532
- 1532–1539 Title 21. Settlement (§§ 779) 1532–1539
- 1539–1545 Title 22. Promise to fulfil an obligation; acknowledgement of debt (§§ 780–782) 1539–1545
- 1545–1555 Title 23. Order (§§ 783–792) 1545–1555
- 1555–1571 Title 24. Bearer bond (§§ 793–808) 1555–1571
- 1571–1576 Title 25. Presentation of things (§§ 809–811) 1571–1576
- 1576–1597 Title 26. Unjust Enrichment (§§ 812–822) 1576–1597
- 1597–1691 Title 27. Torts (§§ 823–853) 1597–1691
- 1691–2129 Book 3 Law of Property (§§ 854–1296) 1691–2129
- 1691–1712 Division 1. Possession (§§ 854–872) 1691–1712
- 1712–1754 Division 2. General provisions on rights in land (§§ 873–902) 1712–1754
- 1754–1891 Division 3. Ownership (§§ 903–1017) 1754–1891
- 1754–1787 Title 1. Subject matter of ownership (§§ 903–924) 1754–1787
- 1787–1796 Title 2. Acquisition and loss of ownership of plots of land (§§ 925–928) 1787–1796
- 1796–1853 Title 3. Acquisition and loss of ownership of movable things (§§ 929–984) 1796–1853
- Subtitle 1. Transfer (§§ 929–936)
- Subtitle 2. Acquisition by prescription (§§ 937–945)
- Subtitle 3. Combination, intermixture, processing (§§ 946–952)
- Subtitle 4. Acquisition of products and other components of a thing (§§ 953–957)
- Subtitle 5. Appropriation (§§ 958–964)
- Subtitle 6. Finding (§§ 965–984)
- 1853–1888 Title 4. Claims arising from ownership (§§ 985–1007) 1853–1888
- 1888–1891 Title 5. Co-ownership (§§ 1008–1017) 1888–1891
- 1891–1969 Division 4. Servitudes (§§ 1018–1093) 1891–1969
- 1891–1916 Title 1. Easements (§§ 1018–1029) 1891–1916
- 1916–1957 Title 2. Usufruct (§§ 1030–1089) 1916–1957
- Subtitle 1. Usufruct in things (§§ 1030–1067)
- Subtitle 2. Usufruct in rights (§§ 1068–1084)
- Subtitle 3. Usufruct in property (§§ 1085–1089)
- 1957–1969 Title 3. Restricted personal easements (§§ 1090–1093) 1957–1969
- 1969–1976 Division 5. Right of preemption (§§ 1094–1104) 1969–1976
- 1976–1981 Division 6. Charges on land (§§ 1105–1112) 1976–1981
- 1981–2064 Division 7. Mortgage, land charge, annuity land charge (§§ 1113–1203) 1981–2064
- 1981–2053 Title 1. Mortgage (§§ 1113–1190) 1981–2053
- 2053–2064 Title 2. Land charge, annuity land charge (§§ 1191–1203) 2053–2064
- Subtitle 1. Land charge (§§ 1191–1198)
- Subtitle 2. Annuity land charge (§§ 1199–1203)
- 2064–2129 Division 8. Pledge of movable things and over rights (§§ 1204–1296) 2064–2129
- 2064–2113 Title 1. Pledge of movable things (§§ 1204–1272) 2064–2113
- 2113–2129 Title 2. Pledge of rights (§§ 1273–1296) 2113–2129
- 2129–2322 Index 2129–2322
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