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Page 1127

Hannes Wais, Thomas Pfeiffer - Judicial Review of Commercial Contracts

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Hannes Wais (ed.), Thomas Pfeiffer (ed.)

Judicial Review of Commercial Contracts

Series: Beck International

Volume 2022

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F. Germany S. 124-152

„… , 526, 527; BGH, 16. 6. 2009 – XI ZR 145/08: NJW2009, 3422, 3423.66 BGH, 9.5.2012 – VIII ZR 327/11: NJW …” „… 238/91: NJW 1993, 335, 335.110 BGH, 10.9.2014 – XII ZR 56/11: NJW 2014, 3722, 3726; BGH, 19.9.2007 – VIII …” „… , 738.118 Stadler, in Jauernig, § 308 BGB mn. 5.119 BGH, 10.9.2014 – XII ZR 56/11: NJW 2014, 3722, 3726; BGH …”

C. Estonia S. 55-77

„… the contract ....................... 11c) Interpretation of standard terms …” „… businesses. Estoniancontract law is based on the freedom of contract: § 1(1) LOA provides that parties …” „… (§§ 35–45 LOA) orcontains open terms (§ 26(11) LOA), if the circumstances underlying the contract …”

E. France S. 99-124

„… . 50.164 TC Paris, 2.9.2019, No. 2017050625, 11; see above mn. 46 et seq.165 Cass.civ. 1ère, 22.10.2008, No …” „… d’entreprise, (Dalloz 2016);Calais-Auloy/Temple, Droit de la consommation (9th edn., Dalloz 2015 …” „… détermination du contenu du contrat dans le nouveaudroit des contrats, (2016) 215 Petites Affiches 6–11; Heyraud …”

H. The Netherlands S. 173-195

„… ); 9.7.2004: NJ 2005, 496 (Hoevers/Van Dijk); 25.11.2016: NJ 2017, 114 (FNV/Condor); 4.5.2018: RvdW 2018, 591 …” „… 21.9.2007: NJ 2009, 50 (Ammerlaan/Enthoven) at 4.2.; 11.7.2008: NJ 2008, 416 (Lommerse-Uitendaal/Atria …” „… labour law, however, are excluded from the substantivescope of the law on general terms (Art. 6:245 BW)9 …”

J. Poland S. 195-219

„… ibid.112 As stated in the Supreme Court judgment of 11.9.2002, V CKN 1152/00: Legalis No. 59805;Supreme …” „… MonitorPrawniczy 644–650; Gniewek/Machnikowski (ed.), Kodeks cywilny. Komentarz [Civil Code. Commen-tary] (9th edn …” „… . 1–449(10)] (9th edn., C.H. Beck 2018);Podrecka, Rozwiązanie umowy zobowiązującej i …”

G. Italy S. 152-173

„… . D’Adda, 7–9.120 See Delogu, 131 et seq.; D’Adda, 11; Pasquino, 496.121 D’Adda, 11; Pasquino, 496.122 Cass …” „… , ‘Judicialreview of “core terms” in consumer contracts: defining the limits’ (2015) 11 European Review of …” „… delle152 Pattiobbligazioni 11; Frignani/Torsello, Il contratto internazionale. Diritto comparato e …”

K. Portugal S. 219-242

„… . 876/12.9TVLSB.L1.S1(Rap. Gabriel Catarino).60 STJ, 22 June 2017, Proc. no. 540/11.6TVLSB.L2.S1 (Rap. Tomé …” „… status of business........................................... 9c) Information and consent …” „… ) Those that were included in a form after its signature by any of the parties.Article 9. LSCT(Maintenance …”

P. Taiwan S. 323-341

„… out those terms which9 See below, mn. 30 et seq.10 See above, mn. 1.11 Official translation: A …” „… , Resolution No. 10 of civil divisions on 73.9.11 (1974); it should be noted that thislegal opinion has been …” „… fang fa’(定型化契約條款的規範依據與管制方法) (2012) 197 Taiwan Law Journal 9–20; C-W Chen (陳忠五),‘min shi lei shi wu dao …”

Q. Choice of Law and Choice of Court: The Rome I and Brussels I bis Regulations S. 341-348

„… , notes 4–15.11 Thorn, in Palandt, Art. 3 Rom I, mn. 9.12 For instance, Magnus, in Staudinger BGB, Art. 3 …” „… clauses ........................................................................... 11a) Form …” „… 11 or adversely affect the rights of third parties.(3) Where all other elements relevant to the …”

A. Czech Republic S. 1-33

„… ujednání’ [Business terms,contractual penalty and others agreements] (2018) 1 Právní rozhledy 7–11; Kaiser …” „… ................................................................................................ ........... 11. Dualism of Czech law until 2012............................................................ 22 …” „… ................................................................... 11a) Good morals …”

M. Spain S. 271-287

„… contracts: incorporation9 Rec. 379/1990.10 Rec. 2731/1992.11 N. 886/1996.12 N. 865/1994.13 Supreme Court …” „… ’).9In its judgment on 5 April 2017 the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo) concludesthat it is necessary …” „… professional activity, or an association that buys merchandising.11In B2C contracts there is no problem for the …”

L. Romania S. 242-271

„… and corresponds to Art. 9:509(2) PECL.11 Transposing Directive 2011/7/EU of the European Parliament …” „… .), Codice civile, T. I (Art. 1–1677)(IXa edn., Giuffrè 2014); Scurtu, ‘Notă’ (2011) 9 Pandectele Române …” „… violenţei economice’ (2013) 9 Revista242 Popa/ZidaruRomână de Dreptul Afacerilor 63–79; Vasilescu, Drept …”

B. England & Wales S. 33-55

„… duty of good faith in contract law.10699 [2017] UKSC 24.100 ibid., at [9]–[11].101 [2018] UKSC 24.102 …” „… Contract Terms Act 1977. Priorto 1 October 2015,9 this legislation contained provisions relating to B2B …” „… purposes that are wholly or mainly outside thatindividual’s trade, business, craft or profession’11 meaning …”

O. Switzerland S. 301-323

„… may reduce penalties that it considers excessive.3. Unfair Competition Act9Article 8. Unfair …” „… part of the contract, and those SCT are reasonably available for consultation9 Translation by …” „… Basler Kommentar UWG, Art. 8 UCA mn. 52; Kramer/Probst/Perrig,mn. 90, 133 et seq.11 DFT, 108/1982 II 416 …”

D. Finland S. 77-99

„… setting was not overly harsh or9 KKO 1973 II 26.10 KKO 1994:96.11 KKO 1996:27.D. FinlandKarhu 85surprising …” „… ........................................................................................... 11. Nordic background …” „… . Country Reports80 Karhu2. The FCA as the general framework for B2B contracts9The FCA is the most general …”

N. Sweden S. 287-301

„… ; Bernitz,Standardavtalsrätt (9th edn., Norstedts Juridik 2018); Bogdan, Svensk internatonell privat- och processrätt(7th edn …” „… , the Consumer Sales Directive9 and Con-sumer Rights Directive10. The bulk of this legislation has a …” „… . Swedish Contracts Act14a) Formation of contracts. The rules of contract formation follow Sections 1–9 in …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406779381

Heribert Gierl, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Lutz Hildebrandt, Hans Mühlbacher, Henrik Sattler, Udo Wagner, Joachim Zentes - Marketing ZFP

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Marketing ZFP

Browse Volumes: Marketing ZFP

MAR Volume 28 (2006) Issue JRM 1 ISSN Online: 0344-1369

Results in this title

Daniel Klapper, Toker Doganoglu Product Variety and Competitive Pricing in Consumer Goods Markets S. 5-13

„… 17.55 min-max 9.17-38.73 5.26-53.77 1.99-46.22 5.86-65.34 Brand 4 mean 28.33 27.11 31.00 25.46 min-max …” „… respect to variety are derived.Second, we solve the market equilibrium given in equations (9) and (11) for …” „… , (8)which after simplifications implies thatpjt = wjt +1q (1 – Zt). (9)Here, Zt = 7 j=1J sjt is the …”

Martin Eisend Source Credibility in Marketing Communication S. 43-62

„… spokesperson All effects 86 .092 .075 .105 11.932 363.037 .000 21659Attitudes 18 .187 .150 .225 9.742 168.018 …” „… Temporal dimension (1964 to 2001) Hypothesis 2e M9 National setting (0 = outside of U.S., 1 = U.S …” „… presentation) Hypothesis 1d Methodological moderatorsM10 / M22 Number of credibility dimensions (1 to n) M11 …”

Heribert Gierl, Silke Bambauer Effects of Consumers' Mood in a Personal Sales Conversation S. 30-42

„… with an average value of 3.11 (t = 9.011,p < .0001).We estimated the path coefficients of the …” „… fit to the data. GFI is slightlybelow the sometimes postulated value of 0.9 (Homburg/Giering 1996, p …” „… . 13). The Tucker-Lewis-Index (TLI) alsoexceeds the recommended minimum value of 0.9. Allfactor …”

Hermann Diller, Björn Sven Ivens Process Oriented Marketing S. 14-29

„… concept(Figure 1).(1) When beginning to implement process management,companies need to classify the activities …” „… variant of theclassical instrumental marketing concept (see Table 1).(1) Whereas the instrumental approach …” „… rules for conflict resolution exist.8 Top-management ensures that the process is executed as defined.9 …”

doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2006-JRM-1

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Marketing ZFP

Browse Volumes: Marketing ZFP

MAR Volume 30 (2008) Issue JRM 2 ISSN Online: 0344-1369

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Christine Ebling, Daniel Klapper Bridging the Gap between ACA and CBC S. 88-102

„… 80gr 85gr 110gr 140gr 170gr Battery* 140h/3h 200h/5h 260h/7h 320h/9h >380h/>11h Design** Normal …” „… h/ 5 h 7.46 3.51 260 h/ 7 h 11.95 5.19 320 h/ 9 h 16.75 5.97 380 h + 18.59 7.07 Importance 19.56 …” „… .02 4.77 Importance 11.06% 4.70% Hard drive 60GB .05 .26 80GB 5.75 3.62 100GB 9.32 4.36 120GB 11.73 5.32 …”

Frank Buckler, Thorsten Hennig-Thurau Identifying Hidden Structures in Marketing's Structural Models through Universal Structure Modeling S. 47-66

„… thesepublications using CVSEM and 11% PLS. Today, SEMcan be considered a methodological paradigm in its ownright …” „… unproposednonlinear paths and interactions systematically get overlooked by CVSEM and PLS methods.11 We use the term …” „… sigmoid activation functionfAct1(Term) = 11 + e–Term of the hidden neural units, and fAct2is the linear …”

Harald Wiese Price Risks, Bargaining, and Contingent Pricing S. 76-87

„… and $3 billion in punitive damages). In 1984, Texaco bought Getty Oil for $9.98 billion, although an …” „… qS = 0.1.On the other hand, the probability of a better buyer, qB,was rather high. We assume qB = 0.9 …” „… , and Contingent Pricing84 MARKETING · JRM · 2/2008ΠB =12qB(1 – qS)(2gHL – gHH)=12 · 0.9(1 – 0.1)(30 …”

Felix Eggers Adaptive Design Techniques for Complex Choice-Based Conjoint Experiments S. 67-75

„… Person2Persons3Persons4Persons5 or morePersonsFastPACEFull Profile CBCACA012345671 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 …” „… exemplaryrespondent and reveals that from the prior compositionalutilities, AC adapts utilities until choice set 9 …” „… Aggregation”, Marketing Letters, 9 (2),195–207.Pullman, M.E., K.J. Dodson, and W.L. Moore. (1999). “A …”

doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2008-JRM-2

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Marketing ZFP

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MAR Volume 32 (2010) Issue JRM 1 ISSN Online: 0344-1369

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Daniel Hoppe, Udo Wagner Small Sample Properties of the Pareto/Negative Binomial Distribution Model S. 39-50

„… .83 13.89 .06 1.10 9,167 24 m MM 3.13 11.12 3.38 .57 .87 12.82 .07 1.07 9,167 30 m MM 4.24 14.95 3.40 …” „… MLE 3.01 9.65 3.74 .58 .82 11.91 .07 1.10 Wu/Chen (2000) Tea specialty store 1,366 48 w MLE n. d. n. d …” „… 5.5 .3 11.9 23.5 20.0 25.7 24.1 6.1 86.5 144.6 118.0 Maximum 129 112 9.4 761 1382 4606 584 576 30.0 …”

Bernd Skiera Differences in the Ability of Structural and Reduced-Form Models to Improve Pricing Decisions S. 91-100

„… in Tab. 2, the optimal price is p = 107.50 c,which leads to a profit of Π = 11,022,734 c. Not …” „… € 20,000,000€ 10,909,000€ 11,022,734€ Notes: Variable costs = 60€; fixed costs = 30,000,000€. Optimal Price …” „… 918,181 Profit contribution 14,022,734€ 46,204,550€ 46,368,186€ Profit 11,022,734€ 16,204,550€ 16,368,186 …”

Harald Hruschka Neural Net Extensions of Stochastic Brand Choice Models S. 51-58

„… 1/(1+exp(-z)) for each element z of the (1 × H) vector Z.Expression (1) describes the deterministic …” „… identification problem is usually tackled by restricting element(1,1) of covariance matrix Σ to one.We call the …” „… , brand loyalty >11,000 3, 7, 10 SBP + BFGS LL Hruschka/Fettes/Probst (2004)reference price, feature …”

Richard P. Bagozzi Neuroscience in Marketing Research S. 7-17

„… , I put what I want to say in a broader perspective in order to explain what I mean. 9. I always try …” „… that point in the meeting, this makes for a smoother conversation! Factor 4: Shaping the interaction 11 …” „… ResearchMARKETING · JRM · 1/2010 9The predictive validity of performance was ascertained.Performance correlated .31 …”

Klaus G. Grunert Means-End Chains - A Means to Which End? S. 30-38

„… . 11, pp. 1–27.Beatty, S.E./Kahle, L.R./Homer, P./Misra, S. (1985): AlternativeMeasurement Approaches …” „… Countries, in: Food Quality & Preference, Vol. 9, pp. 455–466.Pieters, R./Baumgartner, H./Allen, D. (1995 …” „… . 18, No. 1, pp.11–31.Reynolds, T.J./Whitlark, D.B. (1995): Applying Laddering Data toCommunications …”

Peter Leeflang, Auke Hunnemann Modeling Market Response: Trends and Developments S. 71-80

„… 2008–2010 research priorities are: [1]1. “accountability and ROI of marketing expenditures”2. “understanding …” „… +/- Pharmaceutical marketing 6 -+ Pricing 36 ++ Retailing 17 +/- Sales promotions 11 +/- Services 7 -+ Table 1 …” „… 40 papers, only 11 of which included practitioners (Wittink 2001).By counting the number of articles …”

Kalyan Raman Resource Allocation in Marketing S. 81-90

„… 2x + m(β 12 + β 22 ) + 4rxδ ) (9)The expression for the percentage gain is complicated.To understand …” „… (11)Optimal Allocation of Resourcesu1(x) = (12)⎛⎝β 1(δ (β 12 + β 22 + rσ 2 + 2σ 2δ )2 – 4β 22 (r + 2δ …” „… Conditions: The Ratio Rule, in: Optimal Control Applications and Methods, Vol. 11, pp. 283–288.Raman, K./Naik …”

Neil Bendle, Paul Farris, Phillip Pfeifer, David Reibstein Metrics that Matter - to Marketing Managers S. 18-23

„… % Customer Lifetime Value 39%Pass-Through 11% Net Reach 34% Average Acquisition Cost 36%Average Deal Depth 10 …” „… 70% 7 Target Volumes 70% 8 Return on Sales 69% 9 Loyalty 69% 10 Annual Growth % 69% Table 6: Top Ten …”

doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2010-JRM-1

Marco Stief - Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPC)

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Marco Stief (ed.)

Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPC)

Series: Beck International

Volume 2021

Results in this title

G. Grant Procedure S. 57-64

„… RegSPC and contain the information listed in Art. 9para. 2 RegSPC. Due to Art. 11 para. 3 RegSPC …” „… decentralised applicationfor supplementary protection, i.e. separately in each Member State, cf. Art. 9 para. 1 …” „… formal requirements of the SPC application are governed by Art. 7 to 9 RegSPC.In the course of the …”

L. The SPC in Germany S. 97-110

„… Verlängerung der Patentschutzdauer in Australienim internationalen Kontext, Mitt. 1999, 11; Fitzner/Petri …” „… havediscretion, e.g. in Art. 9 para. 1 and Art. 12 RegSPC. The Certificate grants the samerights as a patent, Art …” „… stating that the productsubject to the SPC application had to be specified in the wording of the claims.9 …”

B. Selected Legal Sources S. 253-354

„… medicinalproducts [OJ L 153 of 11 June 2019, p. 1]) ...................................................... 9II …” „… protection certificate for medicinal products[OJ L 153 of 11 June 2019, p. 1])9Recitals(1) Council Regulation …” „… carry out an evaluation of Article 5(2) to (9) andArticle 11 in order to assess whether the objectives …”

N. The SPC in France S. 137-146

„… Marketing Authorization1.1 Court of Appeal of Paris, Bayer AG v. Directeur de l’INPI, 29 June 2001.Caen 137 …” „… definition of a medicament is set out in Article L.5111‐11–1 of the CSP. Today, as in numerous European …” „… toconsider that a product is protected by the basic patent.9 Before the CJEU decisions in the Medeva3 and Eli …”

A. Selected Decisions of the European and National Case Law S. 185-252

„… .............................................................................................. 18XIX. Novartis v. Actavis, C‐442/11 of 9 February 2012 (almost identical case:C‐574/11 …” „… 8(1)(a)(iv) and (b), 9(2)(d) and 11(1)(d) is thatthe first marketing authorization in the Community is …” „… authorisation.(…)XIX. Novartis v. Actavis, C‐442/11 of 9 February 2012 (almost identical case:C‐574/11)19Articles 4 and …”

B. Substantive Granting Prerequisites S. 13-31

„… authorisation (but e.g. only as a carrier protein). In such cases,the CJEU has rejected SPC protection.9 It is …” „… product based on different basic patents held by different patent holders.11 Thesame is generally true for …” „… in Germany by BGH Trioxan, X ZB 9/70 [Annex A2.I.].8 Cf. quotation according to Brückner/Brückner Art …”

A. Purpose, History and Legal Character of the Certificate S. 4-12

„… withdrawn after SPCexpiry in order to hinder referring authorisations,9 and where misleading …” „… ) activeingredients or combinations thereof.11 In addition to the RegSPC, another EuropeanRegulation provides for SPC …” „… /10.1007/s40258-018-0406-6 (last accessed on 30 November2020).8 Beyerlein Mitt. 2010, 1, 2.9 CJEU …”

H. Expiry, Invalidity and Revocation S. 65-67

„… , Art. 9 RegSPC.196Art. 14(d) RegSPC refers to the withdrawal of the authorisation either by …” „… accordancewith Art. 4 para. 3 TFEU).9II. Reasons for Invalidity198 Art. 15 para. 1 RegSPC gives alternative …” „… for invalidity under Art. 15 para. 1(a) RegSPC,11 only thetime of the application is of importance.12 …”

K. Recent Developments S. 69-96

„… broadened with improved provisions,” is required for innovativemarket developments in the EU.11 The goal was …” „… pharmaceutical systems in theEuropean Union and its Member States, OJ C 269 of 23 July 2017, p. 31.9 European …” „… https://ec.europa.eu/smart-regulation/roadmaps/docs/2017_grow_051_supplementary_protection_certificates_en.pdf (lastaccessed on 30 November 2020).11 …”

O. The SPC in Italy S. 147-155

„… , pharmaceuticals for diabetes, medicines derived from biotechnologyprocesses etc.9 Prices of pharmaceuticals …” „… . CE 92/1768 and the subsequent EU Regulations CE 09/469, 06/1901 and96/1610, which introduced SPCs.11 …” „… esters of the active ingredient, provided they are claimed inthe basic patent.9 Such approach was also …”

P. The SPC in The Netherlands S. 156-164

„… ................................................. 11. Patents …” „… Obtaining Provisions and Term in the Dutch Context1. Application9An SPC is requested with NLOC (Article 91 …” „… ROW and Article 9(1) of Regulation(EC) No 469/2009 (hereafter the SPC Regulation)) with a form …”

C. Calculation of Term S. 32-37

„… confirmedthat Art. 13 RegSPC, read in conjunction with recital 9, must be interpreted as meaningthat an SPC …” „… interests involved.9 A precise extension of the effects of patent protection by aperiod exactly …” „… alldrug products, patented or unpatented. It must thus remain unconsidered for purposes1 Recitals 9 and 10 …”

M. The SPC in the United Kingdom S. 111-136

„… Institute of Patent Attorneys, 9th edition,2019, published by Sweet & Maxwell; Terrell on the Law of Patents …” „… ), EIPR 2017, 39(11),697-704; Smyth/Belcher, Another SPC referral from the UK: High Court asks CJEU for …” „… ..................................................................... 11. Sources of UK SPC Law and Recent Developments .......................... 12. Key changes to the …”

F. Specific Practical Problems S. 42-56

„… .10Moreover, only one SPC shall be granted for one and the same product, Art. 3(c)RegSPC.11 Some …” „… differed in view of the identification theory is doubtful given thatthe claim mentions Idarubicin.9 …” „… Yissum Research and Development Company v. Comptroller-General of Patents, C‐202/05[Annex A1.IX.].11 Cf …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… edition2021Published byVerlag C.H.Beck oHG, Wilhelmstraße 9, 80801 München, Germany,email …” „… : bestellung@beck.deCo-published byHart Publishing, Kemp House, Chawley Park, Cumnor Hill, Oxford, OX2 9PH, United Kingdom,online …” „… 5099 5721 7 (HART)ISBN 978 3 8487 8362 5 (NOMOS)© 2021 Verlag C.H.Beck oHGWilhelmstr. 9, 80801 …”

Q. The SPC in Switzerland S. 165-184

„… . Sources of Law and Legislative History ..................................................... 11. Patent …” „… Act (“TPA”)11 and the Medicinal Products Ordinance (“OMP”).12Based on these requirements, an approval …” „… Art. 63 PatO.10 Guidelines of the Institute, p. 7.11 Federal Act on Medicinal Products and Medical …”

E. Scope of Protection S. 39-41

„… . 6 mn. 29.7 See sub-chapter B.III.3.8 Cf. Brückner/Brückner Art. 6 mn. 8 with further reference.9 …” „… ; Busse/Keukenschrijver/Hacker appx. § 16a mn. 100.11 Brückner/Brückner Art. 5 mn. 40.12 Busse/Keukenschrijver/Hacker appx. § 16a …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406779275

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