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Burkhard Hess, Stephanie Law - Implementing EU Consumer Rights by National Procedural Law

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Burkhard Hess (ed.), Stephanie Law (ed.)

Implementing EU Consumer Rights by National Procedural Law

Series: Beck International

Volume 2022

Results in this title

Case Law of the European Court of Justice S. 203-204

„… Case Law of the European Court of JusticeCase C-33/76 Rewe./.Landwirtschaftskammer für das Saarland …” „… Case C-694/17 Pillar Securitisation EU:C:2019:44Case Law of the European Court of Justice204 …”

Chapter 1. General Structure of Procedural Consumer Protection (Stephanie Law) S. 9-62

„… lawyer.Chapter 1. General Structure of Procedural Consumer Protection22 LawC. The Concept of the ConsumerI …” „… ) consumer law as transposed from EU lawand areas of national law by which consumers are significantly …” „… directives and cut across consumer law; the lack ofclarity is especially problematic for non-lawyers.24 …”

Bibliography S. 207-212

„… )Jürgen Basedow, The Law of Open Societies: Private Ordering and Public Regulation in the Conflict ofLaws …” „… (Janek Tomasz Nowak (ed.)), EU Procedural Law(OUP 2016)Tobias Nowak, Fabian Amtenbrink, Marc Hertogh and …” „… Private Law(CUP 2010) 85Hein Kötz, ‘Gemeineuropäisches Zivilrecht’ in Herbert Bernstein et al (eds …”

Chapter 3. Consumer Actions before National Courts (Burkhard Hess and Piet Taelman) S. 95-156

„… Control of EU Consumer LawHess/Taelman 117sufficient to establish the admissibility of the lawsuit (see …” „… virtue of the law.”Hess/Taelman 955 Party disposition also implies that is it solely within the …” „… Private LawRelationships (Hart Publishing 2013) 89, 93–98, who talks of a shift from “judicial passivity …”

Annexes S. 213-638

„… ............................................................. 22511. The examination of consumer protection law in national procedural law:respect for the principles …” „… competent for enforcing consumer protection law?Please identify them, their nature (i. e. whether they are …” „… consumer protection law(either ex officio or on the basis of an argument advanced by the consumer), does …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Hess / LawLawImplementingEU Consumer Rightsby NationalProcedural LawLuxembourg Reporton European …” „… Procedural LawVolume IIEU Consumer Rightsby NationalProcedural LawHess/LawImplementing EU Consumer Rights …” „… byNational Procedural LawLuxembourg Report on European Procedural Law:Volume IIImplementingEU Consumer Rights …”

Executive Summary S. 5-8

„… procedural laws to the prerequisites of the case law of the ECJ.Secondly, national judges must closely follow …” „… ’ access to courts is not only a matter of law-making: muchdepends on the amounts of information held by …” „… Executive Summary1. Unequal Application of EU Consumer Law in the EU Member States1This study …”

Foreword S. 1-4

„… objective of thebook in facilitating and improving the law-making activities of the European Union andits …” „… effectiveness ofthe procedural protection of consumers under EU consumer law. This publicationpresents the …” „… , including the New Deal for Consumers, and the case law ofthe Court of Justice of the European Union until …”

Index S. 201-202

„… control of EU consumer lawRRemedies 8: 15; 28; 38; 40; 55; 59; 63; 96; 115;153; 158; 175; 193 …” „… officio control of EU consumer law and187See ex officio control of EU consumer law– Judicial review of ADR …” „… 146–149;195–196– Ex officio control of EU consumer law and138–139See ex officio control of EU consumer law– Scope …”

Chapter 2. Access to Justice (Remo Caponi and Janek Tomasz Nowak) S. 63-94

„… consumer law. See further on the quality of lawyersassisting consumers: Interview with a Czech lawyer …” „… inter alia Franziska Weber, The Law and Economics of Enforcing European Consumer Law(Ashgate 2014) 46 …” „… ; Anthony J. Duggan, ‘Consumer Access to Justice in Common LawCountries: A Survey of the Issues from a Law …”

Chapter 5. Consumer Alternative Dispute Resolution (Chris Hodges) S. 177-200

„… 7.3.Hodges 185D. Application by ADR Bodies of Mandatory EU Consumer LawI. Summary of the Status Quo44 …” „… consumer protection law—and that thetasks of identifying such illegality and applying the law correctly can …” „… by ADR Bodies of Mandatory EU Consumer LawHodges 187distinction should be drawn is certainly an …”

Chapter 4. Actions for Collective Redress (Stefaan Voet) S. 157-176

„… : Belgium (Art. XVII.69 of the Code of Economic Law).Chapter 4. Actions for Collective Redress158 Voetan …” „… Statesconcerning violations of rights granted under Union Law.1 The Commission recom-mends that all Member States …” „… should have collective redress mechanisms in those areaswhere Union law grants rights to citizens and …”

Legislation S. 205-206

„… LegislationInternational LawLugano Convention of 16 September 1988 on jurisdiction and the …” „… the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I)Regulation (EC) No. 2006/2004 of 27 October 2004 …” „… the enforcement of consumer protection laws and repealing Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 (Regulation on …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406795305

Burkhard Hess, Pietro Ortolani - Impediments of National Procedural Law to the Free Movement of Judgments

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Burkhard Hess (ed.), Pietro Ortolani (ed.)

Impediments of National Procedural Law to the Free Movement of Judgments

Series: Beck International

Volume 2022

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Case Law S. 245-246

„… Case LawCourt of Justice of the European UnionC-125/79 Denilauler v. Couchet Frères EU:C:1980:130C …” „… Martins Silva v. Portugal, App No 12959/10, 27th May 2014Case Law246 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Law:Volume IImpediments ofNational Procedural Lawto the Free Movementof JudgmentsLuxembourg Reporton European …” „… JudgmentsLuxembourg Reporton European Procedural LawVolume Ito the Free Movementof JudgmentsHess/OrtolaniImpediments …” „… Procedural Law:Volume Iedited byBurkhard HessPietro Ortolani2019Published byVerlag C. H. Beck oHG …”

Chapter 5. Specific Instruments (Xandra Kramer) S. 207-240

„… smoothimplementation and interaction with national law.Chapter 5. Specific Instruments208 KramerB. The European …” „… implemented in naonal lawThe rights of the defence are not sufficientlyprotected[Online survey] According to …” „… matters, thathas been adopted in the EU. It harmonizes the rules on jurisdiction, applicable law(through …”

Foreword S. 1-4

„… facilitating and improving the law-making activities of the European Union andits Member States.2 …” „… effectiveness ofthe procedural protection of consumers under EU consumer law. This publicationpresents the first …” „… Protection of Consumers under EU Law’.2The study for the European Commission was prepared between December …”

Chapter 2. Default Procedures and Judgments in Cross-border Settings (Paul Oberhammer, Florian Scholz, Katharina Auernig and Julius Schumann) S. 89-130

„… court in a foreign language under a foreign law andprobably with the assistance of a foreign lawyer …” „… the naonalprocedural lawNo or very lile assessment in pracceThe same assessment as if the defendant …” „… assessmentaccording to their national procedural law.71 In regard to the assessment of the judge, a lawyer from France …”

Annexes S. 255-480

„… ? ......................................................................................................................................... ........ 41016. To what extent does your national law oblige business, lawyer or other profession to havea …” „… ( ) and the introduction of para. 3 in art. 149 CCP by LawNo. 263/2005, the effects of the service are …” „… Constitution declares that all people are equal before the law,whereas Article 23 of the Constitution provides …”

Chapter 4. Appeal and Third Instance (Christoph Kern and Karol Weitz) S. 163-206

„… . 520(2).84 E. g. National Report: Austria; Germany; Slovenia (8 days if the law-suit deals with bills of …” „… prevalent characteristicin common law systems. Everyone should have the possibility to conduct a lawsuit …” „… the judicial system.Moreover, an appeal also helps to ensure uniform application of the law – a goal …”

Chapter 1. A Classic Cross-border Case: the Usual Situation in the First Instance (Fernando Gascón Inchausti and Marta Requejo Isidro) S. 5-88

„… of jurisdiconApplicable lawPrescripon periodsLack of standingLack of jurisdicon to recognise/enforce …” „… jurisdiconApplicable lawPrescripon periodsLack of standing in enforcement proceedingsLack of jurisdicon to …” „… recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsrendered in violation of procedural law standards in the …”

Chapter 3. Provisional Measures (Gilles Cuniberti and Eva Storskrubb) S. 131-162

„… , such evolution of the law could be achieved by a targetedintervention of the European lawmaker …” „… constructed differs in the EU, and is closely connectedto the law on enforcement or execution: this relates to …” „… however be lowered in maintenance cases18. The common law standard of the“good arguable case” – as …”

Bibliography S. 247-254

„… national law for infringements of the competition lawprovisions of the Member States and of the European …” „… European Union, Default Judgments, SummaryJudgments and Orders for Payment (Kluwer Law International 2009 …” „… , Thesis, Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam.Rosenberg, Leo; Schwab, Karl Heinz and …”

Index S. 241-244

„… of a Local Lawyer1 77– Unawareness of the Right to Legal Aid 1 81Lis Pendens 1 133MMerits 2 61 et …” „… 2 4see also Service of the lawsuit– Service of the Lawsuit 1 36 et seq; 2 7 et seq– Substitute …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406795299

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Thomas M. J. Möllers

Legal Methods

Series: Beck International

Volume 2021

Results in this title

I. Law and sources of law S. 41-48

„… a source of law for the legal practitioner.7 5 Statutes, regulations and by-laws are regarded as …” „… the legislature. By-laws become automatically ineffective when they contravene higher-ranking law, so …” „… ), model laws (chapter 3 mn. 17) and academic writing.12 These sociological sources of law are sources of …”

V. Natural law S. 71-75

„… regulations, by-laws of legislative authorities Ordinary federal law (BGB, etc.), Transposed international …” „… , by-laws, see Article 28 GG V. Natural law 1. The relevance of natural law a) Opponents of natural law 109 …” „… , natural law applies everywhere and independently of conventional laws; natural law includes the equality …”

V. International law S. 442-444

„… to transpose a directive into national law despite a clear transposition deadline.236 Conversely, the …” „… must be brewed in accordance with the German Beer Purity Law (chapter 2 mn. 90).237 The same applies to …” „… European law or the ECJ.238 124 The right to compensation under EU law must be such as to be proportionate …”

XII. The primacy of European law and international law S. 545-547

„… XI. The Constitution as higher-ranking law 38Survivor’s pension for life partners – Federal …” „… ? 39Answer: The Federal Constitutional Court saw this as a violation of Article 3(1) of the Basic Law …” „… governed by social security law. However, there are no provisions on the survivor’s pension of registered …”

II. Sources of law S. 535-536

„… legitimacy and justification ............ 1 II. Sources of law …” „… ................................................................................................ .. 3 III. Secondary sources of law and sources of legal knowledge.................... 5 IV. Wording …” „… ................................................................................................ ..... 18 VII. Substantiation of the law by the legislature, the administration and the courts …”

V. Fourth step: Higher-ranking European law and international law S. 470-471

„… – its justification in the rule of law in the special basis of expectation which the criminal laws bear …” „… of the law. The national lawyer must observe European law – the national judge becomes the European …” „… 3. Protection of legitimate expectations where the case law changes 76 In principle, courts may …”

IV. The hierarchy of law in Germany today, including international law S. 67-71

„… laws. In international law, the VCLT applies. This essentially regulates the law of international …” „… laws rules of the forum state187 may have to be applied.188 3. The hierarchy of international law 102 …” „… customary law, Article 25 sentence 2 GG Federal regulations, by-laws of legislative authorities Ordinary …”

III. The hierarchy of law in Germany today, including European law S. 55-67

„… references to tertiary laws. The primary law is the constitutional law of the European Union.91 Settled …” „… disputes about conflicts between national laws and European law.146 87 bb) European laws require two …” „… . Only in the event of a conflict of laws does European Union law apply over national law and may prevent …”

II. The importance of case law in the determination of law S. 84-92

„… ) of the Basic Law requires that statutory laws are needed for interventions in the rights of the …” „… lawyers.80 Customary law is merely long-standing and settled case law.81 According to the view expressed …” „… II. The importance of case law in the determination of law 22 The difference of opinion just …”

I. Substantiation of the law S. 259-264

„… PART 3 Substantiation Chapter 7 Substantiation of law by the legislature, the administration and …” „… . Table of Contents mn. I. Substantiation of the law …” „… clauses and rule examples in German law............................ 16 2. General clauses and rule …”

I. Balancing in public law S. 338-348

„… Chapter 10 Balancing as construction Table of Contents mn. I. Balancing in public law …” „… examination of fundamental rights as a successful construction of law …” „… .................................................................. 57 3. European fundamental freedoms – differences to German law ...... 62 IV. Balancing conflicting …”

III. Secondary law: regulations, directives, recommendations S. 416-437

„… European legal sources Primary law/secondary law/tertiary law (chapter 2 mn. 66 ff.) particularly …” „… entitled and elevating themselves to the position of law-making judges. There are multiple institutions …” „… directives’ as well as the European Court of Justice’s case law’s requirements of a sanction following a …”

II. Unconstitutionality and constitutional law arguments S. 384-387

„… II. Unconstitutionality and constitutional law arguments 1. Invalidity of an unconstitutional law …” „… 30 A law may be unconstitutional if it is formally incompatible with the Constitution – for example …” „… addition, a law may materially violate the Constitution. In tax law, for example, a violation of the …”

IV. The economic analysis of law S. 196-207

„… IV. The economic analysis of law Bibliography: Adams, Michael, Ökonomische Analyse der Gefährdungs …” „… Problem of Social Cost, 3 J.L. & Econ. (1960) 144; Cooter, Robert D./Ulen, Thomas, Law & Economics, 6th ed …” „… A., Economic Analysis of Law, 9th ed. 2014; Schäfer, Hans-Bernd/Ott, Claus, Lehrbuch der …”

IV. Further means of enforcing European law S. 437-442

„… fundamental right to a lawful judge pursuant to Article 101(1) sentence 2 of the Basic Law. This allows …” „… filed a lawsuit because French beer violated the German Beer Purity Law (Reinheitsgebot) and therefore …” „… IV. Further means of enforcing European law 103European law recognises the primacy of primary law …”

XIII. Limits to development of the law S. 547-550

„… conflicting case law is thus repealed by the legislature.75 According to the new legal situation …” „… has been transposed into national law.76 XIII. Limits to development of the law 45Death of an …” „… . (2) The gap in the law is obvious, because according to Section 1360 sentence 1 of the Civil Code by …”

XI. The Constitution as higher-ranking law S. 545

„… XI. The Constitution as higher-ranking law 38Survivor’s pension for life partners – Federal …” „… ? 39Answer: The Federal Constitutional Court saw this as a violation of Article 3(1) of the Basic Law …” „… governed by social security law. However, there are no provisions on the survivor’s pension of registered …”

IV. Balancing conflicting legal principles in private law S. 363-372

„… private law Bibliography: Bieder, Marcus, Das ungeschriebene Verhältnismäßigkeitsprinzip als Schranke …” „… private law a) Precedence of one principle over another 76If different principles conflict with each other …” „… has often resolved collisions. In contrast to Austrian or Swiss law, the German Civil Code is …”

III. Ordinary forms of development of the law S. 234-254

„… forms of development of the law 81 The statute cannot cover all cases, which is why courts are called …” „… upon to develop the law (chapter 1 mn. 37 ff.). This section will look at ordinary cases of development …” „… of the law – for example, if the wording fits the case but not the purpose, and teleological …”

IV. Third step: The Constitution as higher-ranking law S. 467-470

„… shift the boundaries of permissible development of the law. The national lawyer must observe European …” „… to establish a marriage-like relationship.’99 IV. Third step: The Constitution as higher-ranking law …” „… 66Constitutional law and European law rank higher than ordinary law (chapter 2 mn. 97 ff.). However …”

I. The purpose of the law as teleological interpretation S. 163-171

„… Law, 10 Harv.L.Rev. 457–478 (1896/1897); Jäsche, Gottlob Benjamin (ed.), Immanuel Kants Logik. Ein …” „… Critique of Our Dominant General Theory About Law and its Use, 66 Cornell L. Rev. 870–948 (1980/1981 …” „… . Table of Contents mn. I. The purpose of the law as teleological interpretation …”

I. The uncertain boundaries of permissible development of the law S. 449-455

„… used in principle, because the lawyer still moves within the wording. The substantiation of law takes …” „… final instance to create law where binding legal norms already exist. Thus democracy (majority rule) is …” „… . PART 5 Peace under the law and legal certainty as objectives of legal methodology Chapter 13 Limits to …”

V. Development of the law in conformity with the Constitution S. 395-404

„… relationship is not even seen or its solution is attempted with unsuitable means.’139 61The current case law of …” „… place.140 This case law is also the basis for the principle of self-determination (chapter 9 mn. 43 ff …” „… also only be justified by private law, without having to refer to fundamental rights. For example …”

III. Secondary sources of law and sources of legal knowledge S. 536-537

„… moral principles, while some Commandments are also legal prohibitions. III. Secondary sources of law and …” „… specify the required duties of care. One view qualifies this as customary law.4 However, the fact that …” „… they were developed by a private association rather than by case law speaks against this. In addition …”

I. Problems: Sources of legal knowledge alongside primary sources of law? S. 77-84

„… same applies for other areas of international law and model laws.53 Model laws are non-binding sets of …” „… Chapter 3 Secondary sources of law and sources of legal knowledge Bibliography: Augsberg, Stefan …” „… , Rough Consensus and Running Code: A Theory of Transnational Private Law, 2012; Drobnig, Ulrich/van Erp …”

IV. The importance of foreign judgments in the determination of law S. 99-106

„… in reaching decision in four areas: conflict of laws, the application of European law, uniform …” „… be applied in cases of conflict of laws with a foreign connection, if in international private law …” „… the conflict of laws makes reference to the foreign substantive law.192 The Federal Court of Justice …”

III. Legal principles in private law: derivation and substantiation of private autonomy S. 319-324

„… III. Legal principles in private law: derivation and substantiation of private autonomy 28In …” „… private law, the statutes are usually more concrete than in constitutional law, and the need for recourse …” „… (Unterprinzipien) and individual values (Einzelwertungen).106 In public law, the principles are then substantiated …”

VII. Substantiation of the law by the legislature, the administration and the courts S. 541-542

„… . Substantiation of the law by the legislature, the administration and the courts 24Shod foot – Federal Court of …” „… its case law further. It formulated a generalisable legal principle according to which a dangerous …” „… against a breach of European antitrust law? 30 Answer: The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has extended …”

II. Primacy of application and the obligation to interpret in conformity with Union law S. 411-416

„… Interpretation in conformity with Union law/European law conformity with Interpretation in the regulation …” „… third-party effect in constitutional law regarding private individuals, it seems appropriate to combine the …” „… citizens against the destruction of their property by French citizens. Otherwise, as in constitutional law …”

VII. Balancing and weighting of various arguments in the context of development of the law S. 486-488

„… VII. Balancing and weighting of various arguments in the context of development of the law 1. Rules …” „… argumentation (chapter 1 mn. 90) is initially borne by the party invoking the development of the law. However …” „… development of the law in conformity with the Constitution (chapter 11 mn. 68 ff.) and for European law the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… b) Obligation to adapt national laws that contravene European law …” „… permission of Verlag C.H.Beck, or as expressly permitted by law under the terms agreed with the appropriate …” „… to develop something new – thereby strengthening confidence in our legal system. The law is becoming …”

II. Hierarchy of legal sources in Germany S. 48-55

„… ), the strengthening of sexual attack laws55 or the new criminalisation of doping.56 The criminal law …” „… differ individually, and what is the relationship of laws to each other? 1. Statutes as a source of law …” „… Verwaltungsrecht, 19th ed. 2017, § 4 mn. 24 ff. 67 On Anglo-American law, see Vandevelde, Thinking Like a Lawyer, 2 …”

I. Direct applicability as a prerequisite for primacy of application S. 407-411

„… provisions can be interpreted in conformity with European law in order to prevent a conflict of laws. This …” „… Chapter 12 The primacy of European law and international law Bibliography: Baldauf, Nicole …” „… Role of Law in European Integration, 2003; idem/Möhring, Alexandra, Recht und Pflicht zur …”

II. First step: traditional arguments S. 455-461

„… basic structure of German law is regarded as closed.45 It is necessary for the lawyer to indicate …” „… lawyer must not only consider the codification as such, but also include the entire law in the search for …” „… lawyer succeeds in this proof, the system is open and the lawyer may develop the law. 45In the decision …”

VI. Fifth step: Limits to competences S. 471-486

„… enumeratively and conclusively regulated in Article 93 of the Basic Law and in the related federal laws. […] The …” „… the Federal Constitutional Court on the constitutionality of tax law and socio-political laws, it …” „… the law are clearly extended. Because of the clear primacy of European law, it is the requirements …”

I. The purpose of legal methodology S. 2-10

„… good lawyer must understand the law, use the law in its entirety and 10 See, for example, Röhl/Röhl …” „… instrument for interpretation, substantiation and development of the law.21 Lawyers are always coming up …” „… law (chapter 2 mn. 58 ff.). More than half of all national laws are now derived from European law; in …”

I. The different functions of the Constitution S. 374-384

„… not only declare laws invalid, but also declare them merely incompatible with the Basic Law.67 It is …” „… PART 4 Primacy of constitutional and European law Chapter 11 The Constitution as higher-ranking law …” „… .............................................. 2 1. Fundamental rights and the Basic Law as an objective set of values 3 2. The effect of …”

VI. Summary of chapter 2 S. 75-76

„… anthropological rules, which he counts among the minimum content of natural law.225 These include human …” „… . The minimum content of natural law also includes people’s limited altruism (i. e. their tendency to …” „… therefore been formulated in positive law. In German law, the fundamental rights can be found in Articles …”

V. Summary of chapter 1 S. 38-40

„… iustitia vindicativa).257 d) Securing freedoms 110 Above all, the law seeks to create freedoms. The concept …” „… the Basic Law as the right to free development of personality. However, the unilateral abuse of power …” „… Gerechtigkeit) or limiting justice.260 Competition law serves this purpose. Above all, freedom must also be …”

IV. The comparative case method as substantiation by the courts S. 272-288

„… correct laws or case law.134 In a dissenting opinion, however, several judges wanted to admit the previous …” „… competition law are not dealt with in special laws, such as the Unfair Competition Act in Germany, but by …” „… comparison of facts and rules of law is the daily bread of the lawyer,185 as legal analogy (chapter 6 mn. 130 …”

II. Legal methodology as a theory of legitimacy S. 10-21

„… (chapter 3): Sources of legal knowledge (chapter 3): Laws Case law Foreign judgments Hierarchy Binding …” „… the separation of powers requires that the judicature accept the law-making primacy of the legislature …” „… legal tradition includes legalism – the monopoly of state legal authority for law-making and legal …”

I. Teleological counter concepts to formal arguments S. 209-225

„… To this view in detail, supra chapter 4 mn. 64. 8 Dworkin, Law’s Empire, 1986, p. 352: ‘The …” „… , Writing and Analysis in the Law, 6th ed. 2013, p. 263: ‘Opposing lawyers will often supply a conflicting …” „… general laws could undermine the Constitution or European law. As a result, this principle must therefore …”

III. Systematic interpretation S. 137-151

„… is a desirable ideal feature of a system of law’; Dworkin, Law’s Empire, 1986, p. 211 ff. 213 Betti …” „… law results in the overriding supremacy of European law over national laws: the lex superior principle …” „… , to have the meaning of the law determined by what the lawgiver meant, rather than by what the …”

V. Examination sequence and ranking of argumentation concepts as building blocks of a metamethodology S. 519-531

„… more open the legal foundations are or the further the lawyer develops the law away from the legal …” „… . Part 5. Peace under the law and legal certainty as objectives of legal methodology 520 dology in the …” „… and principles of law, substantiation is also necessary. Here the scope of precedents and legal …”

V. Legal principles at the European level S. 332-336

„… on national law 70National laws can influence European law. Doctrinally, however, European law can …” „… principles at the European level Bibliography: Basedow, Jürgen, The Court System and Private Law …” „… ., The Role of Law in European Integration, 2003; Reich, Norbert, General Principles of EU Civil Law …”

IV. The claim to justice of legal methodology S. 33-38

„… lawyer is to find substantive rules from the law based on the facts of the case in order to appropriately …” „… everyone his right’.218 Celsus coined the phrase ‘law is the art of knowing what is good and just’.219 The …” „… philosophy – ‘what is law?’ – follows legal methodology with the question ‘how is law applied correctly …”

VI. Summary of chapter 12 S. 444-447

„… normative effect.250 It is recognised that the ECHR does not take precedence over national law. In …” „… the hierarchy of norms, it is on a par with ordinary federal law (Article 59(2) of the Basic Law …” „… law applies. National law is, as far as possible, to be interpreted in accordance with international …”

III. Second step: A glimpse of the legal consequences S. 461-467

„… lawyer succeeds in this proof, the system is open and the lawyer may develop the law. 45In the decision …” „… law, such considerations are not only meaningful, but also indispensable. Since lawyers enter new …” „… territory in developing the law, they must – as the legislature does in the creation of laws – take into …”

II. Subjective versus objective theory S. 225-234

„… original German): ‘[…] icon of the law’s binding effect as a historically interpretable lifelong lie of the …” „… . 1132 ff. 169 Already Dworkin, Law’s Empire, 1986, p. 338: the judge should interpret the law ‘in the …” „… Philipp Heck’s image – they should be content with being a servant of the law.105 The former President of …”

Index S. 569-586

„… see individual analogy Annexes – in European secondary law chapter 7 31 f. Anthropology chapter 2 119 …” „… Antitrust law chapter 5 117 f., 155 f. – right to file legal actions of private parties chapter 15 29 f. see …” „… law chapter 2 103 f. Appropriateness chapter 10 46 ff., 73 ff. Approximation of norms chapter 5 52 ff …”

IV. Interpretation in conformity with the Constitution S. 390-395

„… unlawful), but must also take into account the Basic Law as a system of values and the radiating …” „… conflict between freedom of expression (Article 5 of the Basic Law) on the one hand and freedom of …” „… profession (Article 12 of the Basic Law) and freedom of ownership (Article 14 of the Basic Law) on the other …”

III. Administrative regulations, private rule-setting, and European recommendations S. 92-99

„… order to ensure a uniform application of European law.124 53 cc) Such effet utile considerations …” „… instance. In this circumstance, the doctrine of secondary sources of law once again seems convincing …” „… question for a ruling under the acte clair doctrine.125 The case law of the ECJ is largely observed and …”

II. Grammatical interpretation S. 121-137

„… the law itself. Non-lawyers regularly confuse or equate those who have possession with owners. A loan …” „… . Interpretation 134 Law that generally prohibits the retroactive effect of laws against citizens. This prohibition …” „… development of the law are not different in nature, but only interlinked steps in the process of …”

IV. Sources of legal methodology S. 513-519

„… rulings. For laws such as the Law on the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service186 or the Nuremberg …” „… could be replaced by National Socialist laws in a short period of time, the reinterpretation of the law …” „… culture.’177 The roots of our present law can be traced back to antiquity. Greek and Roman scholars …”

I. Interpretation and subsumption S. 110-121

„… been limited to an application in which the meaning of the laws was clear (‘healthy state of the law …” „… , Argumentation and Interpretation in Law, 6 Ratio Juris (1993), 16–29; Mertens, Bernd, Gesetzgebungskunst im …” „… ................................................................................................ ............. 30 4. Interpretation, substantiation and development of the law.............. 34 II. Grammatical …”

IV. Historical interpretation S. 151-161

„… , or indeed, even with fair government, to have the meaning of the law determined by what the lawgiver …” „… meant, rather than by what the lawgiver promulgated […]. It is the law that governs, not the intent of …” „… common law and the particular laws. Part 2. Interpretation 152 151A prominent example of a precursor norm …”

VI. Summary of chapter 14 S. 531-533

„… ; balancing (chapters 7–10) Step Four: Higher-ranking law: especially Constitution; European law …” „… ; international law Step Five: Development of the law and its limits: correction of wording, intent, systems …” „… , substituting the law or correcting the law etc. (chapter 13) (chapters 11–12) Step Six: Fairness control and …”

I. General legal principles and legal doctrine S. 307-315

„… in private law: derivation and substantiation of private autonomy …” „… the European level ................... 61 2. General legal principles in European law …” „… can legal principles be derived from the law? What are legal principles? How do legal principles …”

III. Impact-oriented interpretation S. 178-196

„… idea of living law (lebendiges Recht). It is based on the assumption that the natural laws of human …” „… argumentation such as the circular argument,138 or the principle of circumventing the law. Norm avoidance …” „… by invoking European Union law. In various countries, such as Germany or Denmark, the formation of a …”

Appendix. Selected figures of argumentation S. 551-557

„… law/Interprétation (chapter 12 mn. 2 ff.) Interpretation in conformity with international law (chapter 12 mn. 126 ff …” „… law/teleological interpretation (chapter 5 mn. 1 ff., 12 ff., chapter 6 mn. 159 ff.) Radbruch formula (chapter 2 mn …” „… of permissible development of the law (chapter 10 mn. 95, chapter 12 mn. 76 ff., chapter 13 mn. 4 ff …”

V. Academic legal literature S. 106-107

„… international law today explicitly refers to the ‘doctrine of the most capable international lawyers’ as a …” „… of legal knowledge that have no binding effect. Laws, as primary sources of law, are binding on …” „… b) Non-binding use of comparative law at the ECJ 97 The ECJ generally interprets European law …”

III. Legal creativity and legal thinking S. 503-513

„… this respect the lawyer is also creating the law.87 37The strict separation (dichotomy) of ‘is’ and …” „… for F. Müller’s theory of norm ranges to be made usable for private law.89 Thus the Fleet case of the …” „… : ‘regeneration of law’. 88 F. Müller/Christensen, Juristische Methodik, Vol. I, 11th ed. 2013, mn. 84; Grimm, in …”

VI. Summary of chapter 11 S. 404-406

„… right by a third party can block development of the law. Instead, constitutional control by the Federal …” „… (verfassungskonforme Auslegung), development of the law in conformity with the Constitution (verfassungskonforme …” „… Constitution, development of the law in conformity with the Constitution and constitutionally-oriented …”

II. Substantiation by the legislature S. 264-270

„… ) sentence 1, 86 sentence 1 of the Basic Law, GG). For tax laws, the authority is contained in Article 108(7 …” „… the framework of the general clauses,37 since law and morality must in principle be separated from …” „… constitute a minimum consensus of values in a pluralistic society.39 c) General clauses in European law 15 …”

VIII. Summary of chapter 13 S. 488-489

„… VIII. Summary of chapter 13 119 I. The limits of permissible development of the law are among the …” „… competence of the legislature, but also impairs the citizen’s legitimate expectation in the law or the …” „… wording of the law. While so far often only individual arguments for or against the admissibility of …”

II. Extension of legal methodology by case hermeneutics S. 491-503

„… understanding the legal text or case law.19 12bb) Legal practice goes beyond that. Lawyers, judges or …” „… legal methodology 493 may not bend the facts.20 The lawyer must not just know what the law is (chapter 3 …” „… which Savigny’s canon helps, also in public law (chapter 10 mn. 4). Conversely, postmodern methodology …”

II. Individual logical figures of argumentation S. 171-178

„… right of examination in the promulgation of laws and regulations (Article 82 of the Basic Law) is …” „… I will […] uphold and defend the Basic Law and the laws of the Federation, (and) perform my duties …” „… law 48a) The figure of argumentation says that norms are to be structured in such as way that the laws …”

III. Constitutionally-oriented interpretation S. 387-390

„… the interpretation of ordinary law, but on the other hand it itself consists of norms that are capable …” „… verfassungskonforme Auslegung); secondly, as a last resort, it is a mandate to the judiciary to shape the law …” „… (development of the law in conformity with the Constitution or verfassungskonforme Rechtsfortbildung); thirdly …”

III. Legal methodology as a theory of argumentation S. 21-33

„… hours. The lawyer cannot find the ‘solution’ spontaneously, but has to develop it out of the law in a …” „… judgments, must develop new things with the applicable law – often not only interpreting laws, but …” „… dates back to an 18th century law, when courts disguised the justification of their judgments with …”

III. Balancing European fundamental rights and freedoms S. 357-363

„… in order to save the lives of third parties. Is the law constitutional?171 54Illustration: Examining …” „… justification.173 Thus there has been much progress towards comparative law work (chapter 7 mn. 78 ff.). 56There …” „… European level (chapter 2 mn. 94). Sources of law today are case law, the European Convention on Human …”

Databases for German, European and foreign legislative acts

„… Databases for German, European and foreign legislative acts German Law: www.gesetze-im-internet.de …” „… German and European law www.caplaw.eu Statutes regarding German and European company law, capital market …” „… law and competition law. www.bgbl.de Complete Federal Law Gazettes from 1949 …”

II. Case groups to substantiate general clauses S. 297-300

„… impossible paternalism must be viewed critically. 3. Application in European law 25The Bewegliche System also …” „… Code supports an approach to tort law (Non-Contractual Liability Arising out of Damage Caused to …” „… substantiated. This is achieved in particular by case law – so that over time often an extensive, and sometimes …”

II. Using legal principles in cases: justification and construction of the legal principle S. 315-319

„… principle cannot be derived directly from a norm, work on the law and its values is necessary for the …” „… . First, the legal principle must be justified on the basis of the law (step 1). Then it is also necessary …” „… derive some of the principles of law historically.81 Certainly, numerous principles of law have a …”

II. Balancing of fundamental rights S. 348-357

„… public law (section I), the balancing of fundamental rights is governed by special rules that have been …” „… developed in legal doctrine over many years by the case law (chapter 10 mn. 24 f.). This generally …” „… modes of action and institutional elements – such as access to courts (Article 19(4) of the Basic Law …”

IV. The right to self-determination as justification of various legal concepts S. 324-332

„… control of law and laws by the Radbruch formula (chapter 2 mn. 114 ff.). In the words of the Federal …” „… expressly157 and referred to good faith (Treu und Glauben).158 English case law reacted similarly …” „… Italy, the Netherlands and Greece.160 38 bb) Over time, the academic literature and case law have …”

V. Summary of chapter 10 S. 372-373

„… conditions. Thus the general right of personality must also be protected in private law by the duty of the …” „… fundamental rights that is in need of justification, but the attempt to restrict it. III. European law has …” „… rights. IV. Legal principles can also contradict each other in private law. These can be resolved by …”

VI. Summary of chapter 9 S. 336-337

„… strengthened in the context of the seventh amendment to the Competition Act because the protection law …” „… related to positive law and jurisprudence, is not necessarily identical to them. Another characteristic …” „… . Principles of law generally claim normative validity and lead to a presumption effect. As a rule, they are …”

V. Summary of chapter 6 S. 257-259

„… protective statutes and whether, for example, reversal of the transaction can be demanded via the law of …” „… parties and the values of the law, the formal arguments offer a value that can hardly be overestimated …” „… difference between interpretation and development of the law, as the justification requirement increases for …”

VI. Summary of chapter 3 S. 107-109

„… binding effect. Laws, as primary sources of law, are binding on everyone. ‘Soft law’ and a non-binding …” „… in their judgments (chapter 1 mn. 44). Otherwise, only international law today explicitly refers to …” „… . Summary of chapter 3 101I. The division between hard law and soft law is outdated. Instead, reference is …”

IV. The difficult search for telos S. 254-257

„… of law principle (chapter 1 mn. 25 ff.). d) General analogy and the development of new legal concepts …” „… excluding all measures taken for reasons of public security from the scope of Community law. To recognise …” „… , might impair the binding nature of Community law and its uniform application (see, to that effect, Case …”

XIV. A modern legal methodology S. 550-551

„… convincing to base an analogy on the principle of equality in Article 3(1) of the Basic Law,102 …” „… referring to the case law on social assistance law105 or tenancy law.106 If de lege ferenda requires that …” „… a matter of case law that replaces the statute, because the legislature has not yet closed this gap …”

V. Telos, logic and impact-oriented interpretation S. 538-540

„… wanted to pay only DM 1,000 in line with Turkish law, but the claimant was demanding DM 25,000 and DM …” „… 100,000 in damages for pain and suffering in line with German law. Which law is applicable? 12 Answer: In …” „… this case, private international law applies. According to the crime scene principle in force at the …”

I. The path to a modern methodology S. 490-491

„… .............................................................. 39 1. Postmodern methodology: identifying the law versus creating the law …” „… and philosophy of law............................. 79 V. Examination sequence and ranking of …” „… against conventional methodology is that the idea of subsumption, of finding a law by deduction (chapter 4 …”

VII. The value of judicial methodology – a final word S. 533-535

„… layers when the law does not provide (simple) answers. If one trusts in legal methodology, one can gain …” „… argumentation concepts presented here are the best way to solve controversial questions by means of law …” „… of legal methodology, law may become ‘harder but also better because more honest and – if in the …”

I. The Bewegliche System (flexible system) S. 290-297

„… inductively from the law – including case law, academic legal literature, and comparative law.2 While lawyers …” „… ................................................................................................ ..... 2 2. Application in German law …” „… ...................................................................... 9 3. Application in European law …”

III. Substantiation by the administration or private regulatory systems S. 270-272

„… ). For tax laws, the authority is contained in Article 108(7) of the Basic Law. The terminology used is …” „… III. Substantiation by the administration or private regulatory systems 1. German law 35 Before the …” „… definitions and rule examples in the relevant law (see section II). It then has to be examined to what extent …”

I. Legal methodology as a theory of legitimacy and justification S. 535

„… legitimacy and justification ............ 1 II. Sources of law …” „… ................................................................................................ .. 3 III. Secondary sources of law and sources of legal knowledge.................... 5 IV. Wording …” „… ................................................................................................ ..... 18 VII. Substantiation of the law by the legislature, the administration and the courts …”

Principal Works Cited

„… Law and Legal Reasoning, 3rd ed. New York 2007. Bydlinski, Franz, Juristische Methodenlehre und …” „… , Lief/Burke, Thomas F., Reason in Law, 9th ed. Chicago 2016. Coing, Helmut, Juristische Methodenlehre, Berlin …” „… 1972. Cross, Rupert/Harris, James W., Precedent in English Law, 4th ed. Oxford 1991, reprinted 2004 …”

X. Balancing as substantiation S. 544-545

„… . Is the law constitutional? 35 Answer: The Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht …” „… – BVerfG) considered the law unconstitutional.54 The academic literature also assumes that lives cannot be …” „… any passengers on the aircraft. However, the literature affirms the criminal law possibility of the …”

IV. Wording, systematics and history as traditional methods of interpretation S. 537-538

„… mn. 111): What effect does it have that within the framework of the reform of the law of obligations …” „… claim for damages for pain and suffering to cases regulated by law, this is not the case. Section 253(2 …” „… general part of the law of obligations, since 2001 a claim for damages for pain and suffering has thus not …”

III. The structuring of several attribution criteria of different case groups S. 300-305

„… developments; they are ideally suited for the further development of the law (chapter 7 mn. 10 f …” „… . There is a flux.72 Doctrinally, new case groups with higher-ranking law, such as fundamental rights, can …” „… case groups of Section 138 of the Civil Code are in part still very heterogeneous. The case law cites …”

Databases for German, European and foreign cases S. 567-569

„… . www.caplaw.eu Database on decisions regarding German and European company law, capital market law and …” „… competition law. www.echr.coe.int Decisions and press releases by the European Court of Human Rights. Foreign …” „… of federal US courts https://www.law.cornell.edu/ Database on decisions of federal and state US …”

VI. Teleological counter concepts and simple forms of legal development S. 540-541

„… insofar as otherwise provided’. According to one opinion, the ban on analogy under criminal law (chapter 4 …” „… generis’.23 The third, probably prevailing, view seeks to interpret the factual concept of criminal law …” „… the fact that, in case of doubt, criminal law protection should go further than private law legal …”

V. Summary of chapter 5 S. 207-208

„… are prevented by the fundamental freedoms that aim to create an internal market. In settled case law …” „… harmonising legislation. In travel contract law, the ECJ also recognised non-material damage as eligible for …” „… have no claim to absoluteness but can only supplement the values of the law. Impact-oriented …”

V. Summary of chapter 7 S. 288-289

„… . Comparative law is often only of a voluntary nature and a source of legal knowledge. It must be explained why …” „… ................................................................................................ ..... 2 2. Application in German law …” „… ...................................................................... 9 3. Application in European law …”

V. Summary of chapter 4 S. 161-162

„… the Law, 10 Harv.L.Rev. 457–478 (1896/1897); Jäsche, Gottlob Benjamin (ed.), Immanuel Kants Logik. Ein …” „… Critique of Our Dominant General Theory About Law and its Use, 66 Cornell L. Rev. 870–948 (1980/1981 …” „… . Table of Contents mn. I. The purpose of the law as teleological interpretation …”

IX. Legal doctrine and general legal principles S. 543-544

„… reform of the law of obligations,42 the consumer protection provisions dating back to European consumer …” „… in order to decide for or against 42 Law on the modernisation of the law of obligations of 26.11.2001 …” „… to be shot down in order to save the lives of third parties. Is the law constitutional? 35 Answer …”

VIII. The Bewegliche System, case groups and case group comparison as substantiation methods S. 542-543

„… ) (chapter 8 mn. 52): Can private citizens take action against a breach of European antitrust law? 30 Answer …” „… lex specialis in relation to the case law of the ECJ.41 33 BGH, Judgment of 11.2.1982, 4 StR 689/81 …” „… . 61 ff. 40 Directive 2014/104/EC on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for …”

IV. Summary of chapter 8 S. 305-306

„… .104 3. Establishing a new case group under European law 50In European law, the ECJ also recognises the …” „… good time. The Court first applied this legal concept in the case of a disregard for European law by …” „… private persons take action against a breach of European antitrust law?105 IV. Summary of chapter 8 53I …”

Table of Cases S. 557-567

„… , 1408 – Application of Juvenile Criminal Law to adolescents (chapter 6 mn. 47 f.) BGH, Order of …” „… 1.3.1978, 1 BvR 333/75 et al., BVerfGE 47, 327 – Hessian University Law (chapter 11 mn. 3, 53) BVerfG …” „… , 2 BvR 1027/02, BVerfGE 113, 29 – Seizure in law firm (chapter 6 mn. 10) BVerfG, Judgment of …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406779305

Hans Schlosser - Europäische Rechtsgeschichte

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Hans Schlosser

Europäische Rechtsgeschichte

Series: Grundrisse des Rechts

Volume 2023

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I. Strukturmerkmale des Common Law S. 436-442

„… 15. Kapitel. England und das Common LawI. Strukturmerkmale des Common Law1. Dualismus der …” „… Rechtsschutzes neben den förmlichenwrits wurde unabweislich.5. Common Law und Civil LawFrühe Versuche, ergänzend …” „… ungeschriebenen „Rechtsgewohnheiten“ bestehenden engli-schen Common Law. Beide Rechtsfamilien trennt ihre …”

III. Common Law und Rechtswissenschaft S. 445-455

„… ofthe Laws of England“ (1628), des ersten Lehrbuchs des modernenCommon Law. Das unter dem Titel „Coke …” „… erstmals an einer englischen Uni-versität Vorlesungen zum Common Law. Seine „Commentaries onthe Laws of …” „… Schriften fanden welt-weite Beachtung.b) Common LawEin Schwerpunkt seiner theoretisch die Gesetzgebung von …”

II. Gerichte, Maximen, Geltungsräume S. 442-445

„… „equity“ und „law“ be-stand im Common Law fort.3. Doctrine of Precedent LawBei der Rechtsfindung …” „… königlichen Ge-richte hervorgegangenen Common Law zum kasuistischen Richter-recht wurde durch das …” „… Common Law im Formalismus der wirtswurde durch einen besonderen Gerichtskörper beendet. Neben …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ......................................................................... 42515. Kapitel. England und das Common LawI. Strukturmerkmale des Common Law …” „… Common LawI. Strukturmerkmale des Common Law ............................................ 4361. Dualismus …” „… Strafrechts in Europa Common Law und kontinentales Gesetzesrecht Krisen im Rechtsstaat, Zivilisationsbruch …”

VII. Europäisierung des Rechts S. 476-480

„… Rechtsordnung des englischenCommon Law. Nach intensiven Diskussionen wurde Konsens zu-mindest darüber erzielt …” „… gegründete „Commission on EuropeanContract Law“, nach ihrem ersten Vorsitzenden, dem …” „… Forschungser-gebnisse wurden als „Principles of European Contract Law“ veröf-fentlicht und die Kommission 2003 formal …”

I. Profil des Gesetzesrechts S. 403-404

„… ungeschriebene „Common Law“ histo-risch eigenständig entwickelt. Politik und weltliche Gerichtsbarkeithatten sich …” „… Einzel-Fall-Recht (case law). Es wurde durch Richterrecht12(judge made law) konkretisiert und pragmatisch …” „… fortgebildet. DasStrafverfahrensrecht des Common Law stand unter der Herrschaftder Dispositionsmaxime. Bei der …”

VI. Sozialistisches Recht S. 425-436

„… . Sozialistisches Recht 43515. Kapitel. England und das Common LawI. Strukturmerkmale des Common Law1. Dualismus der …” „… und dem an-gelsächsischen Common Law bildete das „sozialistische Recht“ eineeigenständige Rechtsgruppe …” „… Rechtswissen-schaft, SZGerm 127 (2010), 262 ff.; D. Tamm, The History of Danish Law(2011); P. Caroni/F. Schöbi …”

Sachregister S. 497-508

„… CriminalisCartesianismus 6 11, 12; 8 24; 9 21Case Law 14 2; 15 4, 34Chancery Court 15 6, 16, 17cinq codes 6 18; 10 51, 62 …” „… , 70, 79, 80;11 3; 12 7; 13 49; 14 22, 37Civilians 15 12, 13Civil Law 15 11, 12, 13, 14, 21Clementinae …” „… (student.)Commenda 5 55Common Law 1 10; 5 62; 14 2, 39;15 1Consilia 4 18; 5 20a, 59; 6 29Consolat de Mar 5 57, 58 …”

IV. Niederländische Kodifikationen S. 418-420

„… Schuldrecht bis zu 70% wörtlich aufdem Code civil beruhte und das römisch-holländische „Roman-Dutch-Law“ in …” „… Willensmängellehnt es sich an das Common Law an und verankert die wirtschaft-liche Analyse des Rechts als modernes …” „… Element der Gesetzesinterpre-tation (Economic Analysis of Law). Die Frage der Inkorporierung …”

II. Schweizerische Rechtsentwicklung S. 404-411

„… (judge made law) konkretisiert und pragmatisch fortgebildet. DasStrafverfahrensrecht des Common Law …” „… Beisitzeran der Urteilsfindung mit. Das heute geltende Common Law ist einestilfeste Fortsetzung der …”

II. Dialoge der Rechtskulturen S. 4-13

„… Kontinent unbeeinflusste Geltung des gewohnheitlichen„Common Law“ entschieden. Auch in den …” „… nach wie vor überfällig.Schrifttum: H. J. Berman, Law and Revolution: The Formation of theWestern Legal …” „… ff.; K. Tuori/H. Björklund(Ed.), Roman Law and the Idea of Europe (2019).12 1. Kapitel …”

VI. Ökonomisierung des Rechts S. 473-476

„… florierendenBundesrepublik Deutschland wurden in den 70er-Jahren des 20. Jahr-hunderts mit der „Economic Analysis of Law …” „… Reformierung überzeugt werden. EinHindernis war auch die unkodifizierte Rechtsordnung des englischenCommon Law …”

I. Hugo Grotius – Laisierung des Naturrechts S. 190-196

„… de Vito-ria († 1546) und der seit 1587 in Oxford römisches Recht (civil law)lehrende Italiener …” „… (Roman-Dutch-Law).Durch das Hauptwerk „De iure belli ac pacis“ wurde Grotius zumvon Vernunft geleiteten Repräsentanten der …”

VIII. Digitalisierung des Rechts S. 480-489

„… Normen (Code is Law).Autonome Softwareagenten nehmen über Digitalnetze (z. B. Inter-net) die …” „… Rein-heit und Realität (2011); R. A. Posner, Economic Analysis of Law (1972,9. Aufl. 2014); H. Eidenmüller …”

VI. Strafrechtliche Bewältigung des NS-Unrechts S. 395-403

„… ungeschriebene „Common Law“ histo-risch eigenständig entwickelt. Politik und weltliche Gerichtsbarkeithatten sich …” „… Einzel-Fall-Recht (case law). Es wurde durch Richterrecht12 …”

IV. Gelehrtes Recht, Privat- und Wirtschaftsrecht S. 112-121

„… Law“übergeordnete Handelsrechtsquelle (law merchant).120 5. Kapitel. Gelehrte Rechtskultur in Europa606162V …”

V. Topisches Rechtsdenken S. 472-473

„… florierendenBundesrepublik Deutschland wurden in den 70er-Jahren des 20. Jahr-hunderts mit der „Economic Analysis of Law …”

IV. Eigenständige Entwicklungen S. 149-153

„… waren, ist derPandektenkommentar für das Roman-Dutch-Law weiterhin aktuell.Die englische Übersetzung …”

I. Vorbilder S. 354-358

„… Revolutionsgesetze sollte derGesetzgeber dem Strafprozess das öffentliche und mündliche Jury-System des Common Law …”

V. Nordische Rechte S. 420-425

„… und dem an-gelsächsischen Common Law bildete das „sozialistische Recht“ eineeigenständige Rechtsgruppe …”

IV. Aufzeichnungen des Gewohnheitsrechts S. 44-52

„… 's Decretum (2000); ders., WhereGratian Slept: The Life and Death of the Father of Canon Law, SZKan 99(2013 …”

III. Rechtsentwicklungen in Italien S. 411-418

„… Schuldrecht bis zu 70% wörtlich aufdem Code civil beruhte und das römisch-holländische „Roman-Dutch-Law“ in …”

VII. Privatrecht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland S. 345-354

„… der Sicht des Common Law (2001);B. Böttger, Der Kampf um den Gleichberechtigungsgrundsatz im …”

VI. Juristische Germanistik S. 304-316

„… – Mythos,Legende, Botschaft, JZ 2010, 1 ff; G. Dilcher, The Germanists and the Histo-rical School of Law …”

III. Spätscholastisches Naturrecht S. 178-190

„… (2002); R. H. Helm-holz, Natural Law in Courts (2015); A. Grimm, Frieden und Ruhe des Ge-meinwesens bei …”

I. Rechtsquelle Naturrecht S. 168-172

„… nachprüfbare Experimente (lawfull evidence) ermittelt werden.Wahre Naturerkenntnis ohne empirisch gewonnene …”

IV. Thomas Hobbes – politischer Architekt des Naturrechts S. 201-204

„… . Kapitel. Recht in der Aufklärung25vertraglich zu garantieren und durch natürliche Gesetze (laws of na-ture …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406803178

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Uwe Kischel

Rechtsvergleichung

Series: Großes Lehrbuch

Volume 2019

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§ 5. Der Kontext des common law S. 243-388

„… , Edinburgh Law Review 11 (2007), 460 (460). 4 Vgl. Blackstone, William, Commentaries on the laws of England …” „… sucht, betont Damaška, Mirjan, A continental lawyer in an American law school – Trials and tribulations …” „… . Common law als Fallrecht 243 Druckerei C. H . Beck Kischel, Rechtsvergleichung …”

§ 2. Ziele der Rechtsvergleichung S. 47-91

„… - _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 Vgl. dazu Damaška, Mijan, A continental lawyer in an American law school – Trials and …” „… soll dem Diktum von Markesinis, Basil, Comparative law in the courtroom and classroom, 2003, 53 „In law …” „… Juristenausbildung weit mehr als die Vermittlung von bloßem „black letter law“ voraussetzt, zeigen auch Beispiele …”

§ 11 Kontexte transnationalen Rechts S. 945-976

„… Ausgesprochen aber bei Picker, Colin B., International law’s mixed heritage – A common/civil law jurisdiction …” „… law-making treaties hat aber keine inhaltliche Bedeutung und wurde deshalb schon vor geraumer Zeit …” „… – Judges, lawyers, officials and clerks in the writing of Europe, European Law Journal 3 (1997), 165 (166 …”

§ 7. Die Vielfalt des kontinentaleuropäischen Kontexts S. 554-678

„… common law keineswegs einfach zu handhaben ist.1 Die Einordnung der übrigen Staaten Kontinentaleuropas …” „… common law und im civil law stellt sich dann abschließend die klassische Frage, ob von einer Konvergenz …” „… to the unification of European private law? – Incorporation of the Verwirkung doctrine into Spanish …”

Stichwortverzeichnis S. 977-1010

„… südostasiatischen Kontext 9 185 Law School Admission Test 5 114 Law Society 5 109, 111 f. Lawrence v. Texas 2 66 …” „… . Republik 6 16 Aberglaube 8 69 Abstraktion und Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch 6 193 China 9 65 im common law …” „… ., 255 ff. administrative law judge 5 99, 207 Adoption 3 14 adversarial process s. gegnerschaftlicher …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ) O. PROFESSOR AN DER ERNST-MORITZ-ARNDT-UNIVERSITÄT GREIFSWALD ATTORNEY-AT-LAW (NEW YORK …” „… .......................................................... 238 2. Teil. Die Kontexte der Rechtsordnungen § 5. Der Kontext des common law …” „… ............................................................... 243 A. Common law als Fallrecht …”

§ 9 Kontexte in Asien S. 729-855

„… erst nach dem 2. Weltkrieg befreien konnte. Rechtlich setzte sich in Indien das englische common law …” „… law, International and Comparative Law Quarterly 47 (1998), 495 (505 ff.). 3 Zu dieser Debatte, bei …” „… , U. C. Davis Journal of International Law and Policy 18 (2012), 469 (469 ff.). 4 Vielzitiert …”

§ 8. Der Kontext afrikanischen Rechts S. 679-728

„… Mwalimu, Charles, The Nigerian legal system, Bd. 1, Public law, 2007, 136. 3 Sacco (Fn. 1), 70. 4 …” „… Frémont, Jacques, Legal pluralism, customary law and human rights in francophone African countries …” „… , Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 40 (2009), 149 (165). 1 …”

§ 3. Die rechtsvergleichende Methode S. 92-216

„… Difference: Comparative Law’s potential for broadening legal perspectives, American Journal of Comparative …” „… , Journal of Law and Society 14 (1987), 279 (297); Friedman, Lawrence M., The legal system – A social …” „… _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Vgl. Markesinis, Basil S., Comparative law in the courtroom and classroom, 2003, 22. 6 Zweigert …”

§ 4. Rechtskreise, Rechtskultur und Kontext S. 217-242

„… ). 47 Vgl. Friedman, Lawrence M., The place of legal culture in the sociology of law, in: Freeman …” „… nordischen und den common law Rechtskreis. Darüber hinaus werden sie in ihrer Einteilung aber sehr …” „… Auslegung insbesondere für die Unterscheidung zwischen common law und civil law eine große Rolle. Besonders …”

§ 1. Einführung: Was ist Rechtsvergleichung? S. 1-46

„… _______________________________________________________________________________________ 78 Vgl. etwa Fauvarque-Cosson, Bénédicte, Comparative law and conflict of laws – Allies or enemies …” „… , Jeannine; Milej, Tomasz (Hrsg.), Human rights and the rule of law, 2004, 443 (443 ff.); Überblick bei …” „… the rule of law, 2004, 503 (503 ff.). 5 Vgl. dazu Andreae, Th. Jacob von, Devolution und Bundesstaat …”

§ 10 Der Kontext des islamischen Rechts S. 856-944

„… , Irshad, Islamic law – An overview of its origin and elements, in: Ramadan, Hisham M. (Hrsg …” „… .), Understanding Islamic law, 2006, 1 (32 f., Fn. 58). Für die Transkription aller arabischen oder persischen …” „… Rahman I., Shari’a – The Islamic law, 1984, 85. 6 Vgl. dazu auch Coulson, N. J., A history of Islamic …”

§ 6. Der Grundkontext kontinentaleuropäischen Rechts S. 389-553

„… - _______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 Vgl. schon Lawson, Frederick Henry, A common lawyer looks at the civil law, 1953, Nachdruck 1977 …” „… steht als Gegenpol und stetiger Vergleichsgegenstand dem common law gegenüber. Die Unterscheidung …” „… Rechtskreislehren und zahlloser Ausführungen zur Rechtsvergleichung insgesamt. Daß common law und …”

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