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Hermann Kurzke - Was mein Vater nicht erzählte

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Hermann Kurzke

Was mein Vater nicht erzählte

2019

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Verdrängen und Verschweigen. Disput S. 78-85

„… der Hand muß man sich Herbert Kurzke nicht vorstellen. Verdrängen und Verschweigen. Disput –– All …”

Volkssturm. Bericht S. 77-78

„… Herbert Kurzke nicht vorstellen. Verdrängen und Verschweigen. Disput –– All diese Ämter und …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Verschweigen. Disput . . . . . . . . . 78 3. Krieg. Berlin, Caputh, Harrasmühle 1939–1945 …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406731402

Andreas J. Roquette, Tom Christopher Pröstler - International Construction Disputes

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Andreas J. Roquette (ed.), Tom Christopher Pröstler (ed.)

International Construction Disputes

Series: Beck International

Volume 2022

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Chapter 2: Alternative Dispute Resolution S. 35-81

„… positions and disputes.a) Between the parties on project/contract level5Depending on the kind of dispute …” „… to use shortly after the dispute has arisen. The ‘disputemanager’ advises and assists the parties in …” „… most comprehensive book dealing exclusively with dispute boards is Chern, Chern on DisputeBoards …”

Chapter 5: Evidence in Construction Disputes S. 205-339

„… , across 88 countries, and with more than USD 48 billion in dispute, disputeswere mostly attributable to …” „… , 83(4) Arbitration: The Interna-tional Journal of Arbitration, Mediation And Dispute Management 391 …” „… Centre for Dispute Resolution (ICDR), International Dispute ResolutionProcedures (Including Mediation and …”

Chapter 6: The Future of Construction Disputes S. 339-365

„… BIMplatform are not properly resolved at the outset of a project, this can lead to disputes,which may end up …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmB. Legal Tech in Construction DisputesContentmn.I. Introduction …” „… Tech: A Practitioner’s Guide, p. 266.B. Legal Tech in Construction DisputesFischer/Han/Pröstler/Täuber …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… InternationalConstruction DisputesA Practitioner’s GuideBrun, 160x240mm, P. 202, P. 533, P. 8643, RS: 25 mm 04.08.2022 13:46:27 …” „… DisputesReemers Publishing Services GmbHo:/Beck/978-3-406-76970-2/3d/001_Titelei Roquette.3d from 03.08.2022 …” „… mmInternationalConstruction DisputesA Practitioner’s Guideedited byAndreas J. RoquetteTom Christopher Pröstler2022Reemers …”

Chapter 1: Early Claims Resolution S. 1-35

„… ’ (DisputeAdjudication Board). Such DAB will have to be re-appointed whenever a new disputearises.22– Early warning …” „… of a disputeand therefore the cost for dispute resolution increased. The 2020 Arcadis …” „… representative and the DisputeAdjudication Board. The independent engineer was replaced by an employer’s …”

Chapter 3: Arbitration S. 81-147

„… parties to the dispute,preventing them from initiating or continuing with the arbitration, or against …” „… ................................................................................................ ..... 11. Arbitration as a means of final and binding dispute resolution..... 12. Principle of party …” „… tier for resolving disputes ............................. 7II. The arbitration agreement …”

Chapter 4: Litigation S. 147-205

„… can apply to construction disputes:(i) the Pre-Action Protocol for Construction and Engineering …” „… andRegeneration Act 1996;(b) engineering disputes;(c) claims by and against engineers, architects, surveyors …” „… ) Reasons for settlements in construction disputes ................. 18bb) In-court settlement …”

Index S. 365-372

„… 2–41Adjudicator 1 32, 37, 48AGB 1 32Allocation of risks 5C 11Alternative Dispute Resolution– ADR 4A 64 …” „… – Arbitration agreement 3B 93–95– Arbitration proceedings 3B 96–97– Substance of dispute 3B 91–92Arbitral award …” „… injunction 3A 51– Arbitral rules 3A 28, 73– Challenging counsel 3A 65, 66– Claim and dispute 1 71 …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406792779

Wolfgang Kahl, Marc-Philippe Weller - Climate Change Litigation

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Wolfgang Kahl (ed.), Marc-Philippe Weller (ed.)

Climate Change Litigation

Series: Beck International

Volume 2021

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II. Climate change disputes S. 99-100

„… and what procedural options are provided by arbitration to resolve disputes? – Part IV: Is arbitration …” „… suitable for resolving climate change disputes? – Part V: How do arbitral institutions react to the …” „… expected climate change disputes? II. Climate change disputes 3Climate Change disputes concern a wide range …”

IV. Suitability of arbitration proceedings for climate change disputes S. 105-114

„… considering whether arbitration is suitable for climate change disputes.34 9. Applicable law 30In arbitration …” „… that the disputes shall be decided on this basis. 10. Claims based on tort 31A difficulty with …” „… arbitration proceedings to go ahead. IV. Suitability of arbitration proceedings for climate change disputes 32 …”

2. Applicable law S. 541

„… disputes over natural resources. In the past, there have already been arbitration proceedings between …” „… , disputes between states, intergovernmental organizations, and private parties will arise indirectly, which …” „… , disputes between individual actors may arise from an economy increasingly oriented towards sustainability …”

3. Arbitration proceedings S. 541

„… disputes over natural resources. In the past, there have already been arbitration proceedings between …” „… , disputes between states, intergovernmental organizations, and private parties will arise indirectly, which …” „… , disputes between individual actors may arise from an economy increasingly oriented towards sustainability …”

IV. State liability under international and European law S. 541-543

„… disputes over natural resources. In the past, there have already been arbitration proceedings between …” „… , disputes between states, intergovernmental organizations, and private parties will arise indirectly, which …” „… , disputes between individual actors may arise from an economy increasingly oriented towards sustainability …”

1. Procedures before civil courts S. 540-541

„… future for arbitration proceedings between states involved in disputes over natural resources. In the …” „… arbitration agreements.65 But in the process of implementing these treaties, disputes between states …” „… arbitrations.66 Moreover, as an indirect effect of climate change, disputes between individual actors may arise …”

Index S. 561-566

„… W Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) I 22 et seq. WTO Dispute-Settlement Body C 5 Y Youth L 47 et …” „… 42 Corporate Climate Responsibility Synth. 42 et seq., 67 et seq. Corporate disputes E 88 et seq …”

II. Analysis: structures of judicial involvement in climate protection S. 66-72

„… the Sea or through an advisory opinion.24 Other possible international dispute-settlement venues for …” „… climate change litigation include the dispute-settlement mechanism established within the WTO.25 And while …”

1. USA S. 543-544

„… is the pioneer of climate-induced legal disputes.79 As Farber states in his country report, the great …” „… Furthermore, as already in the context of standing, it is disputed whether a sufficient causal link exists …”

7. France S. 546-548

„… ,141 are currently engaged in a controversial dispute about its “transferability” to or its (non-)model …” „… (474 et seq.); Weller/Nasse, ZGR- Sonderheft 1/2020. 131 On the disputed conflict-of-law issues cf …”

III. Contextualization: factors influencing the role of courts S. 72-76

„… towards this goal as has been shown with other specialized dispute-settlement and supervisory bodies.75 …”

I. Introduction S. 98-99

„… , International, Mixed and Private Disputes Arising under the Kyoto Protocol, Journal of International Dispute …” „… / commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_16_4350; Garimella, Environmental Dispute Resolution, ADR Methods and the PCA Arbitration Rules …” „… Investitionsgüterindustrie – eine empirische Untersuchung, in: Briner (ed.), Law of international business and dispute …”

V. Arbitral institutions and climate change S. 114-118

„… currently being conducted before state courts.72 Similar to the above discussed political disputes and …” „… disputes of public pressure groups, the claimants often seek publicity and thus have no interest in …” „… arbitration. However, it is also conceivable that these corporate law disputes be conducted before arbitral …”

III. Arbitration proceedings S. 100-105

„… the various business-models towards a sustainable carbon free business. Disputes may and will be …” „… the result. 5. Climate finance disputes 9 Transforming the economy and improving climate protection …” „… . From all these contracts disputes may arise. 6. Corporate disputes 10 Finally, there are numerous …”

V. Conclusion S. 95-97

„… Disputes Arising under the Kyoto Protocol, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, Vol. 1, No. 2 2010 …” „… _16_4350; Garimella, Environmental Dispute Resolution, ADR Methods and the PCA Arbitration Rules, in: ILI …” „… Investitionsgüterindustrie – eine empirische Untersuchung, in: Briner (ed.), Law of international business and dispute …”

VI. Summary S. 118-119

„… VI. Summary 110 In summary, it can be concluded that arbitration is a dispute resolution mechanism …” „… suitable not for all, but for many climate change disputes. It will play a very important role in the …” „… future when it comes to disputes triggered by the ever worsening climate change. Arbitration will have …”

II. International policy & treaty commitments to climate justice & investment in carbon neutral/negative sustainable development S. 169-173

„… and the Paris Agreement, in: Miles, Dispute Resolution and Climate Change: The Paris Agreement and …” „… , the Committee will not operate as a forum for conflict or dispute settlement, and does not exist to …” „… any international disputes on climate change. The Paris Agreement assists States to consider and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ................................................................................................ ......................................... 98 II. Climate change disputes …” „… ................................................................................................ ................... 99 1. Disputes resulting from material damages …” „… ............................................................................... 99 2. Disputes over natural resources …”

IV. Innovations in investment law & policy related to clean energy, climate change and sustainable development S. 182-196

„… of future investment disputes.131 The Vienna Convention requires that treaties are to be interpreted …” „… technologies to conserve exhaustible resources. 2. Investment treaty disputes 51 The case law of international …” „… lack of binding value of precedent. However, the portion of investment disputes with relevance for …”

V. Perspective climate litigation to enforce climate law S. 525-530

„… be summoned to appear before an administrative court in a legal dispute brought by a third party (e.g …” „… measures can increasingly become the subject of legal disputes. NGOs will normally have standing under the …” „… have to be implemented, with legal disputes arising on whether certain regions, coastal or low lying …”

I. Introduction S. 168-169

„… International Investment Law and the Environment, Eleven International Publishing, 2015; Miles, Dispute …” „… Dispute Resolution, 2017; Mooney/Grandoni, New York City sues Shell, ExxonMobil and other oil companies …” „… ................................................................. 40 2. Investment treaty disputes …”

3. The role of the legislature and the judiciary S. 538-539

„… question by examining the courts’ role in climate protection and the separation of powers. Legal disputes …” „… .35 Finally, there are legal disputes concerning the compensation of damages that have resulted from …”

VI. Conclusion S. 530-535

„… . through increased risk of flooding at the site).152 100 It will be subject to further dispute how …” „… the subject of legal disputes. In a recent decision, the Federal Administrative Court155 argued that a …” „… legal disputes about the type or extent of adaptation measures adopted and implemented. Also, naturally …”

IV. Evaluation: the legitimate functions of courts in climate protection S. 76-80

„… only adjudicate particular legal disputes and do not deal with the issue of climate change in a …” „… regular functions within climate change litigation.129 They settle disputes and scrutinize the actions of …”

II. The Paris Agreement and the legal nature of its provisions S. 200-208

„… explicitly in a “non-adversarial” and “non-punitive” manner.74 34In the event of disputes arising between the …” „… parties Art. 24 refers to the provisions of Art. 14 of the UNFCCC. The dispute settlement clause provides …” „… Paris Climate Agreement and liability issues Franzius/Kling 207 dispute to the International Court of …”

III. Development of a regime on environmental liability: From liability for transboundary harm to genuine international environmental liability S. 152-161

„… constituted a dispute between the USA and Canada concerning damages to private property in the USA resulting …” „… international law Wolfrum 153 16 It was, before the 1992 Protocol entered into force, a matter of dispute …” „… liability for the assessment of and compensation for damage and the settlement of related disputes, as well …”

IV. Passive legal status of NGO’s S. 525

„… be summoned to appear before an administrative court in a legal dispute brought by a third party (e.g …”

2. Polluter-pays principle S. 538

„… question by examining the courts’ role in climate protection and the separation of powers. Legal disputes …”

IV. International jurisdiction of national courts S. 387-392

„… international forum, it is irrelevant where the violation of legal interests that is the subject of the dispute …” „… existed, he/she could certainly have an interest in subordinating the legal dispute to the lex fori.105 3 …”

I. Introduction S. 509-513

„… disputes (roads, mines, electricity generation permits etc. with the aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions …” „… as independent actors in court, i.e. whether they can be party to a legal dispute. Therefore, the …”

VI. Conclusion S. 236-237

„… the number of legal disputes because of duplications caused by 1 See …”

V. Conclusion: potential and limitations of judicial climate protection S. 80-81

„… regular functions within climate change litigation.129 They settle disputes and scrutinize the actions of …”

I. Introduction S. 237-238

„… the number of legal disputes because of duplications caused by 1 See …”

4. Duties of protection S. 539-540

„… disputes concerning the compensation of damages that have resulted from climate change.36 4. Duties of …”

II. Notion – environmental liability – what does it mean and what is the purpose in the context of a liability regime? S. 151-152

„… made to the Trail Smelter case.14 The case constituted a dispute between the USA and Canada concerning …”

V. Conclusions S. 196-197

„… dispute, there is a need to make a sound case.202 V. Conclusions 70 Certain sustainable development …”

III. Climate change litigation and private international law S. 386-387

„… international forum, it is irrelevant where the violation of legal interests that is the subject of the dispute …”

1. Sustainability and environmental justice S. 537-538

„… powers. Legal disputes in connection with climate change are very diverse. They can be carried out before …”

8. Netherlands S. 548-549

„… dispute about its “transferability” to or its (non-)model role for other countries. With its judgment of …”

V. Conclusion S. 252-253

„… Court stretched standing law to intervene in a dispute about climate law, though it simply required EPA …”

IV. Local court cases that are relevant to climate change litigation in Italy S. 333-335

„… dispute the legitimacy of the applicant associations to challenge the adequacy of the Air Quality Plans …”

I. Introduction S. 337-338

„… cities) seem to dispute the State’s monopoly on making climate law and express their intention of greater …”

I. Introduction S. 488-489

„… civil law actions by private persons against companies to constitutional disputes against the state …”

III. Climate change litigation guiding investment risk assessment & decision-making S. 173-182

„… dispute settlement to play an increasing crucial role in advancing the aims of the Paris Agreement. III …” „… Litigation, http://climatecasechart.com/ (accessed 11 March 2020). 46 Miles/Swan, 11(2) Dispute Resolution …”

III. Formal role of NGO’s in climate litigation against the state S. 516-525

„… for the natural plaintiffs a violation of fundamental rights was at the centre of the legal dispute …” „… before an administrative court in a legal dispute brought by a third party (e.g. one or more private …”

I. Introduction: climate change – a global threat S. 2-3

„… , “The Rise of Environmental Law in International Dispute Resolution: Inter-American Court of Human …”

IV. Tort liability S. 250-252

„… intervene in a dispute about climate law, though it simply required EPA to regulate without any instruction …”

II. NGO independent access to court as exception to the rule – the German standing rules in a nutshell S. 513-516

„… can be party to a legal dispute. Therefore, the following sections focus on the procedural position in …”

I. Introduction S. 380-382

„… vertical relation are public-law disputes before the administrative courts and particularly positive …”

I. The German law of non-contractual liability: an overview S. 407-410

„… for the resolution of conflicts of interest and for the settlement of disputes. Therefore, the law of …”

I. Introduction: the judicialization of climate change governance S. 64-66

„… Law, Routledge 2013, p. 123; Verheyen/Zengerling, International Dispute Settlement, in …”

1. Addressing the causes of climate change S. 7-12

„… Environmental Law in International Dispute Resolution: Inter-American Court of Human Rights issues Landmark …”

IV. Concluding observations: Necessary features of a regime on international environmental liability S. 161-166

„… corresponding treaty.76 As stated in the Advisory Opinion of the Seabed Disputes Chamber of ITLOS the obligation …”

III. Other developments in the Netherlands S. 372-377

„… legal norms in a dispute between private actors. 42The case is ongoing. There has no judgment yet. Shell …”

VI. Liability under German law S. 398-403

„… the status of the dispute Wagner, in: MüKoBGB, Sec. 823 BGB, mns. 7 et seq. with further references …”

II. Jurisdictional issues S. 238-244

„… to litigate in state court. However, at present there is a dispute about whether the federal courts …”

III. The Paris Agreement in the courtroom S. 208-215

„… dispute to the International Court of Justice or an arbitration tribunal, if accepted by both …”

V. Applicable law S. 392-398

„… subordinating the legal dispute to the lex fori.105 3. Environmental tort statute, Art. 7 Rome II 44 Lacking a …”

3. Response measures to climate change S. 13-14

„… There are several main legal issues that tend to be disputed among the parties involved in climate …”

IV. Major legal issues S. 14-17

„… legal issues that tend to be disputed among the parties involved in climate change litigation …”

II. Constitutional foundations S. 83-85

„… natural disasters.15 Although the foundation of duties to protect human rights is rarely disputed, the …”

III. The Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights S. 85-88

„… protect human rights is rarely disputed, the question what kind of duties can be derived, especially if …”

III. Public law litigation S. 244-250

„… Many scholars trace the origins of this doctrine back to Roman law, though this is disputed …”

II. Climate change through the environmental impact assessment process S. 290-299

„… gas emissions. Xstrata in turn argued that this would be economically unviable. Neither party disputed …”

II. Climate change litigation in public law S. 338-346

„… direct consequence of the disputed unlawful act. However, the burden of proof in demonstrating causal …”

III. Climate change litigation in private law S. 346-363

„… direct consequence of the disputed unlawful act. However, the burden of proof in demonstrating causal …” „… emitting greenhouse gas and global warming is no longer disputed since it is now recognised worldwide as …”

III. Responsible party S. 496-502

„… Saurer, NuR 2017, 289 et seq. 47 The substantive categorization of this rule is disputed. There is …”

4. Australia S. 544-545

„… concerning climate-related global warming,105 by now, “only” the question of attribution is disputed, which …”

5. United Kingdom S. 545-546

„… climate-related global warming,105 by now, “only” the question of attribution is disputed, which examines whether …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406779237

Alexander Proelß, Amber Rose Maggio, Eike Blitza, Oliver Daum - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

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Alexander Proelß (ed.), Amber Rose Maggio (ed.), Eike Blitza (ed.), Oliver Daum (ed.)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Series: Beck International

Volume 2021

Results in this title

Article 264. Settlement of disputes S. 1757-1761

„… of disputesDisputes concerning the interpretation or application of the provisions of this …” „… requested by either party to the dispute, be resolved by the compulsory disputed settlementprocedures …” „… International Dispute Settlement, Emory Journal of International DisputeResolution 1 (1986), 1, 3; PCIJ …”

Article 7. Settlement of disputes S. 2544-2550

„… disputes1. At the time of deposit of its instrument of formal confirmation or of accession, or atany time …” „… more of the means for the settlement of disputes concerningthe interpretation or application of this …” „… dispute between Parties to this Convention,one or more of which are international organizations.3. When an …”

Article 14. Seabed Disputes Chamber S. 2357-2358

„… the Tribunal would include a Seabed DisputesChamber. In that text, the relevant provisions appeared as …” „… also be mindful of the duty of the Seabed Disputes Chamber to giveadvisory opinions ‘as a matter of …” „… urgency’ ( Art. 191).2. ‘All disputes and applications submitted to the Tribunal shall be heard …”

Article 187. Jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber S. 1254-1261

„… disputes between the ISA and a prospective contractor sponsored bya State (Art. 87 (d)); disputed over the …” „… jurisdiction […]’10 The Seabed Disputes Chamber has jurisdiction in disputes with respect to activities in …” „… theInternational Seabed Area. Any party to a dispute over which the Seabed Disputes Chamberhas jurisdiction may …”

Article 6. Duties of parties to a dispute S. 2477-2479

„… heard and to present its case.’Article 6Duties of parties to a disputeThe parties to the dispute shall …” „… dispute.Islands v. The European Union), Rules of Procedure (2014), available at: www.pca-cpa.org/showpage 9190 …” „… parties to a dispute Art. 6 Annex VIIBurke 2477Reemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/ANNEX …”

Article 279. Obligation to settle disputes by peaceful means S. 1813-1817

„… 6), 92 and 122.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 279 2–51814 SerdyReemers Publishing Services …” „… Kate-ka%20and%20Wolfruma204.pdf?fil_id=2900.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 279 9–111816 SerdyReemers …” „… Obligation to settle disputes by peaceful meansStates Parties shall settle any dispute between them …”

Article 22. Reference of disputes subject to other agreements S. 2383-2384

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 22Reference of disputes subject to other agreementsIf all the …” „… Convention so agree, any disputes concerning the interpretation orapplication of such treaty or convention …” „… , Dispute Settlement and the Law of the Sea Convention: Problems of Fragmentationand Jurisdiction, ICLQ 37 …”

Article 280. Settlement of disputes by any peaceful means chosen by the parties S. 1817-1820

„… . Settlement of disputesArt. 280 1–31818 SerdyReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d …” „… : https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no.23_prov_meas/Vol._I_-_Written_Statement_of_Ghana_FINAL.pdf.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt …” „… that Art. 279 didnot create an obligation for States to settle their dispute either specifically …”

Article 285. Application of this section to disputes submitted pursuant to Part XI S. 1841-1844

„… is thus a relatively low-risk option for States in dispute,in that they maintain considerably more …” „… (where Art. 6 is reproduced) and 48.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 285 1–31842 SerdyReemers …” „… . 287 MN 10–14.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 286 11844 Treves …”

Article 186. Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea S. 1250-1254

„… Seabed DisputesChamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). The article …” „… over all disputesarising under the Convention, while keeping open the option of dispute settlement …” „… andprivileges of membership may be taken by the Assembly (or the Council) until the SeabedDisputes Chamber of …”

Article 188. Submission of disputes to a special chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or an ad hoc chamber of the Seabed Disputes Chamber or to binding commercial arbitration S. 1261-1266

„… according the Seabed DisputesChamber exclusive jurisdiction in respect of interpretation of its provisions …” „… Interna-tional Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) (Art. 188 (1)(a)) or the Seabed DisputesChamber (SBCD …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmmay be referred to the Seabed Disputes Chamber; however, the jurisdiction …”

Article 298. Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2 S. 1918-1932

„… ] otherwise’, this term is wider than the ‘dispute’used elsewhere in this article and Part XV as a whole.72 It …” „… provided for in section 2 withrespect to one or more of the following categories of disputes:(a) (i …” „… , 15–16(paras. 56 and 58–60).72 See Serdy on Art. 279 MN 6.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2981918 …”

Article 282. Obligations under general, regional or bilateral agreements S. 1825-1830

„… Chapter on the Settlement of Disputes,UN Doc. A/AC.138/97 (1973), GAOR, 28th Sess., Supp. No. 21 (A/9021 …” „… disputesArt. 282 3–61826 SerdyReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d from 20.02.2017 …” „… Settlement (5th edn. 2011), 257–283.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 282 9–111828 SerdyReemers Publishing …”

Article 286. Application of procedures under this section S. 1844-1849

„… . 287 MN 10–14.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 286 11844 TrevesReemers Publishing Services …” „… provisions of two almost universally ratified multilateraltreaties, of compulsory dispute-settlement …” „… . Settlement of disputesArt. 286 5–71846 TrevesReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d …”

Article 281. Procedure where no settlement has been reached by the parties S. 1820-1825

„… : https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no.23_prov_meas/Vol._I_-_Written_Statement_of_Ghana_FINAL.pdf.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt …” „… Southern Bluefin Tuna, 10 May 1993, UNTS 1819, 359.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 281 5–81822 …” „… multilateral disputesettlement agreement that covers their dispute,20 Art. 281 was primarily intended for …”

Article 283. Obligation to exchange views S. 1830-1838

„… Judge Ndiaye, 57, 62–64 (paras. 25–27, 30).Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 283 11830 SerdyReemers …” „… emphasis on consultation between the parties to a dispute,ensuring that the move from one means of dispute …” „… . Settlement of disputesArt. 283 5–61832 SerdyReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d …”

Article 1. Institution of proceedings S. 2491-2498

„… legal and factual questions. Given that many disputes,even those ostensibly raising these matters as a …” „… proceedingsSubject to Part XV, any party to a dispute concerning the interpretation or applicationof the articles of …” „… the dispute to the special arbitralprocedure provided for in this Annex by written notification …”

Article 297. Limitations on applicability of section 2 S. 1906-1918

„… diplomatic conference in accordance with this Convention.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2971906 …” „… Fragmentation andJurisdiction, ICLQ 46 (1997), 37, 42.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 297 11908 SerdyReemers …” „… Resources of the High Seas, had addressed the issue of disputesettlement: it provided for most disputes …”

Article 288. Jurisdiction S. 1857-1863

„… , Dispute-Settlement inthe Law of the Sea: Disorder or System?, in: Marcelo Kohen (ed.), Promoting Justice, Human …” „… ; Tullio Treves, The Settlement of DisputesAccording to the Straddling Stocks Agreement of 1995, in: Alan …” „… See Treves on Art. 287 MN 15–19.2 See Serdy on Art. 280 MN 6.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 288 …”

Article 284. Conciliation S. 1838-1841

„… ., 149–152 (paras. 382–386).Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2841838 SerdyReemers Publishing Services …” „… Session in 1979.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 284 5–81840 SerdyReemers Publishing Services …” „… option for States in dispute,in that they maintain considerably more control over the proceedings than in …”

Article 299. Right of the parties to agree upon a procedure S. 1932-1937

„… Reports (1957), 125, 145–147.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2991932 SerdyReemers Publishing Services …” „… peaceful settlement of disputes.II. Historical Background3The precursors of Art. 299 appeared at a …” „… Settlement of Disputes,Introduction and Article 298bis, UN Doc. SD/3 (1980, mimeo.), reproduced in: Renate …”

Article 287. Choice of procedure S. 1849-1857

„… the 60th Meeting, 27 (para. 52).Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 287 1–21850 TrevesReemers …” „… .Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 287 7–101852 TrevesReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells …” „… Convention. However, in some recent cases the declarations concern one specific dispute,for instance, the …”

Article 21. Jurisdiction S. 2374-2383

„… jurisdiction of the Tribunal comprises three elements: i) all ‘disputes’submitted to it in accordance with the …” „… disputes and all applications submitted toit in accordance with this Convention and all matters …” „… . Adede, The System for Settlement of Disputes under the United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea: A …”

Article 24. Institution of proceedings S. 2387-2395

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmSection 3ProcedureArticle 24Institution of proceedings1. Disputes are …” „… application, addressed to the Registrar. In either case, thesubject of the dispute and the parties shall be …” „… Settlement of Disputes under the United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea: A Drafting History and a …”

Article 25. Provisional measures S. 2395-2400

„… dispute(Art. 290 (1)).24 According to the understanding of the term ‘Tribunal’ in paragraph 1, thisprovision …” „… Part XI) whenevera dispute relates to activities in the Area.69 By contrast, the Tribunal has not so …” „… applicable for proceedings beforethe Seabed Disputes Chamber by virtue of Art. 40 (1) Annex VI. The ITLOS …”

Article 15. Special chambers S. 2358-2362

„… the Tribunal would include a Seabed DisputesChamber. In that text, the relevant provisions appeared as …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmII. Historical Background2 The special status of the Seabed Disputes …” „… Disputes Chamber shall be established in accordance with […]’4 Art. 14 Annex VI requires that a Seabed …”

Article 4. General provisions S. 2505-2508

„… of disputes engaging multiple parties where these provisions are intended toapply ‘to the maximum …” „… is ultimately representative of a potentially wide numberof parties. In multi-party disputes, each …” „… process may engaged in a dispute with morethan five parties, a bespoke arrangement would need to be made …”

Article 291. Access S. 1878-1881

„… ), IYIL 15 (2005), 255 et seq.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2911878 TrevesReemers Publishing …” „… mmI. Purpose and Function1Art. 291 deals with who can be a party to the dispute-settlement procedures …” „… of disputesArt. 291 4–71880 TrevesReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d from …”

Article 13. Application to entities other than States Parties S. 2489-2491

„… of Justice (ICJ Statute), which uses the word ‘dispute’) over the interpretation of anaward, Art. 12 …” „… ’ (reflecting ‘scope’ in the ICJ Statute) may appear as innovative;however, the few disputes that have been …” „… decided by the ICJ on interpretation of the meaningor scope of a judgment indicate that the dispute over …”

Article 290. Provisional measures S. 1866-1878

„… : https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_12/PV.03.01.25.09.03.a.m.E.pdf.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2901866 TrevesReemers …” „… disputesArt. 290 1–41868 TrevesReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d from 20.02.2017 …” „… . Settlement of disputesArt. 290 8–101870 TrevesReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d …”

Article 5. Fact finding S. 2508-2512

„… the dispute.There is no ultimate requirement that the procedures envisaged in this provision are …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 5Fact finding1. The parties to a dispute concerning the …” „… dispute.2. Unless the parties otherwise agree, the findings of fact of the special arbitral tribunalacting …”

Article 189. Limitation on jurisdiction with regard to decisions of the Authority S. 1266-1271

„… made inthe context of a dispute referred to in Art. 187. Regarding the SBCD, no ad hoc chamber hasbeen …” „… created to date.2. ‘Disputes concerning the interpretation or application of a contract referredto in …” „… ) is in sync with Art. 187 (c), which envisages dispute settlement between theEnterprise and the …”

Article 12. Interpretation or implementation of award S. 2487-2489

„… by agreement of all the parties to the dispute.Bibliography: A. O. Adede, The System for Settlement …” „… dispute as to the meaning or scope of the judgment, the Court shall construe it uponthe request of any …” „… ‘In the event of dispute as to the meaning or scope of thedecision, the Tribunal shall construe it …”

Article 2. Lists of experts S. 2498-2502

„… amicable solution to a particular dispute.II. Historical Background4 Art. 2 of Annex VIII shares a number …” „… the partiesto the dispute.(f) Any vacancy shall be filled in the manner prescribed for the initial …” „… arbitration process, States havenonetheless expressed little enthusiasm for this mode of dispute resolution …”

Article 190. Participation and appearance of sponsoring States Parties in proceedings S. 1271-1274

„… sponsoring States Partiesin proceedings1. If a natural or juridical person is a party to a dispute referred …” „… State Party by a natural or juridical person sponsoredby another State Party in a dispute referred to in …” „… )Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons …”

Article 31. Request to intervene S. 2430-2435

„… the decision in any dispute,it may submit a request to the Tribunal to be permitted to intervene.2. It …” „… Disputes,in: René-Jean Dupuy/Daniel Vignes (eds.), A Handbook on the New Law of the Sea, vol. II (1991 …” „… has an interest of a legal nature which may beaffected by the decision in any dispute, it may submit a …”

Article 36. Ad hoc chambers S. 2455-2457

„… parties to the dispute.Bibliography: Myron H. Nordquist/Shabtai Rosenne/Louis B. Sohn (eds.), United …” „… parties to the dispute’.Article 37AccessThe Chamber shall be open to the States Parties, the Authority and …” „… Chamber.Article 36Ad hoc chambers1. The Seabed Disputes Chamber shall form an ad hoc chamber, composed of three …”

Article 265. Interim measures S. 1761-1764

„… ); Marianne Roth, Interim Measures, Journal of DisputeResolution 1 (2012), 425–436Cases: PCIJ, Electricity …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 265Interim measuresPending settlement of a dispute in accordance …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41. ‘Pending settlement of a dispute […] the State or competent internationalorganization authorized …”

Article 289. Experts S. 1863-1866

„… . Settlement of disputesArt. 289 2–51864 TrevesReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d …” „… : https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_12/PV.03.01.25.09.03.a.m.E.pdf.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2901866 Treves …” „… Article 289ExpertsIn any dispute involving scientific or technical matters, a court or tribunal …”

Article 4. Procedure S. 2318-2320

„… settlement of the dispute.ContentsI. Purpose and Function …” „… May 1975 from the Co-Chairman of the Informal Working Group on Settlement of DisputesAddressed to the …” „… ownprocedure. The commission may, with the consent of the parties to the dispute, invite anyState Party to …”

Article 33. Finality and binding force of decisions S. 2439-2451

„… parties and in respect of thatparticular dispute.Article 34The judgement is final and without appeal. In …” „… secondparagraph of the conjunction ‘and’ before the phrase ‘with respect to that particular dispute’.This was …” „… basis of decisions of the Seabed DisputesChamber (cf. Arts 165 (2)(j) and Arts. 160 (2)(m), 162 (2)(v …”

Article 2. List of arbitrators S. 2467-2470

„… residentin the territory of, or nationals of, any of the parties to the dispute.(f) Any vacancy shall be …” „… Committee.8III. Elements1. ‘Subject to the provisions of Part XV’6Part XV (Settlement of Disputes, Arts …” „… . 279–299) contains two requirements for a State tosubmit a dispute to Annex VII proceedings. First, there …”

Article 293. Applicable law S. 1893-1896

„… International Law, UN Doc. A/CN.4/L.682 (2006),para. 172.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 293 4–61894 …” „… DisputesChamber referred to Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration13 and to a ‘growing number ofinternational …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 See Ferrara on Art. 293 MN 6–10.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2941896 Ferrara …”

Article 3. Constitution of special arbitral tribunal S. 2502-2505

„… , ordinarily resident in the territory of, or nationals of, any of the partiesto the dispute.(f) Any vacancy …” „… becounter-productive. This policy was mirrored within Annex VIII, given that its role inarbitrating specific disputes …” „… this Annexrelating to the matters in dispute, one of whom may be its national. The appointmentsshall be …”

Article 1. Institution of proceedings S. 2311-2312

„… by writtennotification addressed to the other party or parties to the dispute.ContentsI. Purpose and …” „… Part XVArticle 1Institution of proceedingsIf the parties to a dispute have agreed, in accordance with …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4I. Purpose and Function1Conciliation is one of the traditional methods of international dispute …”

Article 5. Amicable settlement S. 2320-2321

„… parties to any measures which mightfacilitate an amicable settlement of the dispute.ContentsI. Purpose and …” „… May 1975 from the Co-Chairman of the Informal Working Group on Settlement of DisputesAddressed to the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31. ‘amicable settlement of the dispute …”

Article 294. Preliminary proceedings S. 1896-1900

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 See Ferrara on Art. 293 MN 6–10.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2941896 FerraraReemers …” „… ), 264.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 294 5–61898 FerraraReemers Publishing Services …” „… disputesArt. 295 1–31900 Ferrara …”

Article 296. Finality and binding force of decisions S. 1903-1906

„… particular dispute.Bibliography: Shabtai Rosenne, The Law and Practice of the International Court, 1920–2005 …” „… (1975), 762, Annex I B, para. 10.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 296 1–31904 FerraraReemers …” „… diplomatic conference in accordance with this Convention.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 2971906 Serdy …”

Article 20. Access to the Tribunal S. 2370-2374

„… , public or private, accepted by all the parties to the dispute.Article 211. The Tribunal shall be open to …” „… . 186–191 UNCLOS deal with the jurisdiction of the Tribunal’s Seabed DisputesChamber. Under these provisions …” „… that case.Bibliography: A. O. Adede, The System for Settlement of Disputes under the United Nations Law …”

Article 263. Responsibility and liability S. 1749-1757

„… developmentof international law relating to responsibility and liability’.33 As the ITLOS Seabed DisputesChamber …” „… disputes and interim measuresArticle 264Settlement of disputesDisputes concerning the interpretation or …” „… December2010, ITLOS Reports (2008–2010), 58; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and …”

Article 11. Finality of award S. 2486-2487

„… appellate procedure. It shall be complied with by the parties to the dispute.Bibliography: A. O. Adede, The …” „… award shall be final and without appeal, unless the parties to the dispute have agreedin advance to an …” „… System for Settlement of Disputes Under the United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea (1987 …”

Article 10. Award S. 2483-2486

„… parties to the dispute.Bibliography: A. O. Adede, The System for Settlement of Disputes Under the United …” „… parties to the dispute does not appear before the arbitraltribunal or fails to defend its case, the other …” „… must satisfy itself not onlythat it has jurisdiction over the dispute but also that the claim is well …”

Article 74. Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 563-583

„… any dispute aboutboundaries must involve that there is a disputed marginal or fringe area, to which …” „… : http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/2007/12.html. See also Robin Churchill, DisputeSettlement in the Law of the Sea: Survey for 2013 …” „… shielded from challenge underthe Convention dispute settlement procedures. Under Art. 298 (1)(b), States …”

Article 2. List of conciliators S. 2312-2314

„… thechapter on dispute settlement and added an element that any party to a dispute may submitthe dispute to …” „… annex on conciliation became Annex IV. Its Art. 1added a condition “[i]f the parties to a dispute have …” „… , conciliation proceedings under Section 1require an agreement between disputing Parties to submit the dispute to …”

Article 3. Constitution of arbitral tribunal S. 2470-2474

„… residentin the territory of, or nationals of, any of the parties to the dispute.(f) Any vacancy shall be …” „… dispute shall, within 30 days of receipt of the notificationreferred to in article l of this Annex …” „… the dispute shall appoint the President of thearbitral tribunal from among those three members. If …”

Article 5. Procedure S. 2475-2477

„… for%20the%20Pacific%20Settlemen-t%20of%20International%20Disputes-pdf.pdf.5 UNCLOS III, Informal …” „… heard and to present its case.’Article 6Duties of parties to a disputeThe parties to the dispute shall …” „… arbitral tribunalhas jurisdiction over the matter, having regard for the character of the dispute and …”

Article 14. Application of section 1 S. 2332-2334

„… Provisions in Part XV on the Settlement of Disputes(Art. 14)1 and the Informal Composite Negotiating Text/Rev …” „… accordance with this sectionhas competence over any dispute submitted to it shall be determined by the …” „… XV on the Settlement of Disputes, UNDoc. SD/3 (1980), reproduced in: Renate Platzöder (ed.), Third …”

Article 311. Relation to other conventions and international agreements S. 2009-2019

„… DisputeSettlement Mechanisms of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention: Did the Southern Bluefin Tuna Tribunal Get …” „… Antarctica, TheInternational Lawyer 19 (1985), 1309–1318; Natalie Klein, Dispute Settlement in the UN …” „… of 23 October 1985, Dispute Concerning Filleting in the Gulf ofSt. Lawrence (Canada v. France), Award …”

Article 83. Delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 651-666

„… continental shelf ‘within a reasonable period of time’, the disputeis subject to procedures of dispute …” „… . J. Int’l L. & Trade 9 (1985), 1–17; Robin Churchill, Dispute SettlementUnder the UN Convention on …” „… Arrangements in Maritime Boundary Disputes, IJMCL 21 (2006), 423–460; Robert Kolb, Case Law onEquitable …”

Article 3. Constitution of conciliation commission S. 2314-2318

„… this Annex in consultation with the parties to the dispute.(f) Any vacancy shall be filled in the …” „… morestrict system is adopted in the International Centre for Settlement of Investment DisputesConvention …” „… Settlement ofInvestment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States, adopted in 1965 (theICSID …”

Article 35. Composition S. 2453-2455

„… dispute.Bibliography: Myron H. Nordquist/Shabtai Rosenne/Louis B. Sohn (eds.), United Nations Convention on theLaw of …” „… disputes chamberArticle 35Composition1. The Seabed Disputes Chamber referred to in article 14 of this Annex …” „… of the Sea-related Disputes, IJMCL 23 (2008), 77, 91–92; GA, Oceans and Law of the Sea: Report of the …”

Article 18. Penalties S. 2250-2257

„… ), AnnexCases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons …” „… Law,in: Lodge/Nordquist (note 40), 308–324; David Freestone, Advisory Opinion of the Seabed Disputes …” „… of SustainableDevelopment and General International Law on the Ocean Floor – The Seabed Disputes …”

Article 292. Prompt release of vessels and crews S. 1881-1893

„… ), 17, para. 63.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 292 1–31882 TrevesReemers Publishing Services …” „… . Settlement of disputesArt. 292 9–101884 TrevesReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d …” „… ), para. 61.28 The ‘Juno Trader’ Case (note 15), paras. 58 and 67.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 292 …”

Article 30. Judgment S. 2425-2430

„… having been given to the parties to the dispute.Bibliography: David H. Anderson, Deliberations, Judgments …” „… ; ITLOSSeabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with …” „… Seabed Disputes Chamber.8 The Tribunal has indicated in itsRules the decisions other than those on the …”

Article 32. Right to intervene in cases of interpretation or application S. 2435-2439

„… Disputes,in: René-Jean Dupuy/Daniel Vignes (eds.), A Handbook on the New Law of the Sea, vol. II (1991 …” „… it.Bibliography: A. O. Adede, The System for Settlement of Disputes under the United Nations Convention on theLaw …” „… Disputes, in: René-Jean Dupuy/Daniel Vignes (eds.), A Handbook on theNew Law of the Sea, vol. II (1991 …”

Index S. 2553-2618

„… Seabed Dispute Chamber AnnexVI 37 1 et seq.Access to the tribunal 291 1 et seq.; Annex VI20 1 et seq …” „… Authority 160 12Administrative disputes 167 18 et seq.Administrative justice system 167 20Administrative …” „… of Seabed Dispute Chamber159 15 et seq.; 191 1 et seq., see also Settle-ment of disputes and advisory …”

Article 22. Responsibility S. 2267-2275

„… and Obligations of Sponsoring States (note 2), para. 102. Furthermore, the Seabed DisputesChamber …” „… Freestone, Advisory Opinion of the SeabedDisputes Chamber of ITLOS on “Responsibilities and Obligations of …” „… the Ocean Floor – The Seabed Disputes Chamber’s2011 Advisory Opinion, IJMCL 26 (2011), 252-568; Tullio …”

Article 37. Access S. 2457-2458

„… parties to the dispute’.Article 37AccessThe Chamber shall be open to the States Parties, the Authority and …” „… Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons andEntities with Respect to …” „… Disputes Chamber ofthe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Art. 37 deals with access to the …”

Article 9. Default of appearance S. 2482-2483

„… proceedings.Article 9Default of appearanceIf one of the parties to the dispute does not appear before the arbitral …” „… that it has jurisdiction over the dispute but also that the claim is wellfounded in fact and law.Cases …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51. ‘If one of the parties to the dispute does not appear before the arbitral tribunalor fails to …”

Article 134. Scope of this Part S. 943-946

„… given by all Statesthat are parties to such a dispute.(b) The submissions made before the Commission and …” „… is a dispute in the delimitation of the continental shelf between opposite oradjacent States or in …” „… other cases of unresolved land or maritime disputes, submissions may be madeand shall be considered in …”

Article 17. Rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority S. 2235-2250

„… DisputesChamber’s 2011 Advisory Opinion, IJMCL 26 (2011), 252–568; Jean-Pierre Lévy, La première décennie …” „… before the SeabedDisputes Chamber pursuant to Art. 187 (c) of the Convention.5125Thus, for example, as a …” „… equipment orplant.Bibliography: David Freestone, Advisory Opinion of the Seabed Disputes Chamber of ITLOS on …”

Article 15. Delimitation of the territorial sea between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 149-167

„… Bangaladesh/Myanmar dispute,where neither side used such minor basepoints,68 accepting here the ‘low-water line’.69 …” „… territorial seas of the two States in a way whichis at variance therewith.Management and Dispute Resolution …” „… Convention on the Law of the Sea – 1982 (4th edn. 2006)Cases: Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime …”

Article 4. Qualifications of applicants S. 2135-2147

„… its responsibilities. As underlined by the Seabed DisputesChamber, a ‘sponsorship agreement may not be …” „… . ISBA/16/C/13 (2010)Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States …” „… theadvisory opinion rendered by the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal forthe Law of the …”

Article 28. Default S. 2412-2422

„… vote in disputes involving scientific or technical matters.68Article 28DefaultWhen one of the parties …” „… must satisfy itself not onlythat it has jurisdiction over the dispute, but also that the claim is well …” „… founded in fact andlaw.Bibliography: A. O. Adede, The System for Settlement of Disputes under the United …”

Article 13. Legal status, privileges and immunities S. 2307-2311

„… writtennotification addressed to the other party or parties to the dispute.ContentsI. Purpose and Function …” „… 1Institution of proceedingsIf the parties to a dispute have agreed, in accordance with article 284 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4I. Purpose and Function1Conciliation is one of the traditional methods of international dispute …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… international courts and tribunals entrusted under the Convention tosettle disputes concerning its …” „… .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1249Section 5. Settlement of disputes and advisory opinionsArticle 186. Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber of the …” „… Seabed Disputes Chamber …”

Article 135. Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space S. 946-949

„… Statesthat are parties to such a dispute.(b) The submissions made before the Commission and the …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm(a) In cases where a land or maritime dispute exists, the Commission shall …” „… not consider and qualifya submission made by any of the States concerned in the dispute. However, the …”

Article 21. Applicable law S. 2263-2267

„… environmental obligations. Even before the revision of the Nodules Regulations, the Seabed DisputesChamber …” „… Law of the Sea: Progress and Prospects (2006); Niels J. Seeberg Elverfeldt, The Settlement ofDisputes …” „… (2010), AnnexCases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring …”

Article 8. Applicability of Part XVII S. 2550-2553

„… , Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua andHonduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras …” „… , many law of the sea cases before the ICJ concern maritime delimitation disputes, an area whichremains …” „… Dispute Chamber AnnexVI 37 1 et seq.Access to the tribunal 291 1 et seq.; Annex VI20 1 et seq.– access by …”

Article 59. Basis for the resolution of conflicts regarding the attribution of rights and jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zone S. 458-464

„… ; Natalie Klein, Dispute Settlement in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (2005); Myron …” „… ; ICJ, Case concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Mali), Judgment of 22 December 1986,ICJ …” „… resolve disputes in accordance with the compulsorydispute settlement procedures provided in the future …”

Article 26. Hearing S. 2400-2406

„… the request of any party to the dispute. ‘13 Art. 25 (2) constitutes an exception to the rule under …” „… demand that the public be not admitted.Bibliography: A. O. Adede, The System for Settlement of Disputes …” „… Seabed Disputes Chamber), and 138 (advisory proceedings of the full Court), ITLOS, Rules of the Tribunal …”

Article 9 S. 2104-2113

„… and the associated disputes.Despite this, the continued lack of consent from Bangladesh has meant that …” „… powerto refer a continuing disagreement to the Part XV dispute settlement mechanism;25 nor doesthe …” „… controversies that may manifest themselves as or in adelimitation dispute, such as whether a particular straight …”

Article 10. Bays S. 105-119

„… Frontier Dispute,the ICJ confirmed that the closing line of a bay is the baseline for whatever regime that …” „… 1982, ICJ Reports (1982), 18;ICJ, Case Concerning the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El …” „… ICJ Case Concerning the Land, Island and MaritimeFrontier Dispute (1992)27 wherein Judge ODA, in his …”

Article 278. Cooperation among international organizations S. 1807-1813

„… provisionsArticle 279Obligation to settle disputes by peaceful meansStates Parties shall settle any dispute between …” „… System for Settlement of Disputes under the United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea (1987 …” „… Klein, Dispute Settlement in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (2005); Myron H.Nordquist/Shabtai …”

Article 9. Fees and expenses S. 2326-2327

„… and expenses of the commission shall be borne by the parties to the dispute.ContentsI. Purpose and …” „… mm 240.00mmIII. Elements1. ‘fees and expenses’3When the disputing parties settle their dispute …” „… procedureThe parties to the dispute may by agreement applicable solely to that dispute modify anyprovision of …”

Article 13. Competence S. 2331-2332

„… President on Conciliation Provisions in Part XV on the Settlement of Disputes(Art. 14)1 and the Informal …” „… Commission acting in accordance with this sectionhas competence over any dispute submitted to it shall be …” „… XV on the Settlement of Disputes, UNDoc. SD/3 (1980), reproduced in: Renate Platzöder (ed.), Third …”

Article 6. Responsibility and liability S. 2540-2544

„… DisputesChamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to …” „… beeninfringed. ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons …” „… disputes1. At the time of deposit of its instrument of formal confirmation or of accession, or atany time …”

Article 34. Costs S. 2451-2453

„… Funds Available for Law of the Sea-related Disputes,IJMCL 23 (2008), 77–94; Gudmundur Eiriksson, The …” „… submitted, to theTribunal, including its Seabed Disputes Chamber and any other Chamber. The trust fund is …” „… disputes chamberArticle 35Composition1. The Seabed Disputes Chamber referred to in article 14 of this Annex …”

Article 7. Expenses S. 2479-2480

„… dispute.Islands v. The European Union), Rules of Procedure (2014), available at: www.pca-cpa.org/showpage 9190 …” „… remuneration of its members, shall beborne by the parties to the dispute in equal shares.Documents: PCA, Guyana …” „… parties to the dispute in equal shares.’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3I. Purpose …”

Article 62. Utilization of the living resources S. 493-506

„… processing, including filleting’, DisputeConcerning Filleting within the Gulf of St Lawrence (note 15 …” „… Right to Food, UN Doc A/67/268 (2012)Cases: Dispute Concerning Filleting in the Gulf of St Lawrence …” „… Dispute Concerning Filleting within the Gulf of Lawrence, thearbitral tribunal held that‘the right for a …”

Article 176. Legal status S. 1228-1232

„… , compulsoryjurisdiction falls under the 11-member ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber: (i) disputesbetween a State Party and the …” „… ISA judicial capacity, the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the InternationalTribunal for the Law od the Sea …” „… (ITLOS) has jurisdiction over any disputes between States11 See Agreement Between the International …”

Article 304. Responsibility and liability for damage S. 1961-1968

„… , ITLOS Reports (1999), 10; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities andObligations of States …” „… express provisions do not function to exclude the general regime. Instead, asthe Seabed Disputes Chamber …” „… SeabedDisputes Chamber in its Advisory Opinion on Responsibilities and Obligations of SponsoringStates, when it …”

Article 295. Exhaustion of local remedies S. 1900-1903

„… disputesArt. 295 1–31900 FerraraReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART XV.3d from 20.02.2017 …” „… /54/10, paras. 220–242.Part XV. Settlement of disputesArt. 295 51902 FerraraReemers Publishing Services …” „… and inrespect of that particular dispute.Bibliography: Shabtai Rosenne, The Law and Practice of the …”

Article 309. Reservations and exceptions S. 1992-2001

„… the parties’ right to opt out ofbinding dispute settlement for specific types of disputes – which then …” „… more of the procedures provided for in [Part XV]section 2’ with respect to particular types of disputes …” „… writing’; ‘deposited with the Secretary-General’) and defines the types of disputes inrelation to which …”

Article 253. Suspension or cessation of marine scientific research activities S. 1700-1707

„… procedure for settlement of disputes concerning the exercise of powers under Art. 253to require suspension …” „… , disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Conven-tion with regard to MSR are to be …” „… ) in Section 3 of Part XV provides that, in case of disputes arising out of adecision by the coastal …”

Article 13. Low-tide elevations S. 131-147

„… Dispute(Eritrea v. Yemen), 9 October 1998, 147 (para. 527), available at: http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage 6e71 …” „… Briefing 1(6) (1995); Elisio B. Jamine, Maritime Boundaries Delimitation,Management and Dispute Resolution …” „… : Seoung-Yong Hong/Jon M. Van Dyke (eds.), Maritime Boundary Disputes, SettlementProcesses and the Law of the …”

Article 8. Termination S. 2325-2326

„… shall be borne by the parties to the dispute.ContentsI. Purpose and Function …” „… dispute has beensubmitted to conciliation, the proceedings may be terminated only in accordance with …” „… of the commission’sconclusions, the dispute (‘le différend’) can only be settled under Annex V by …”

Article 121. Regime of islands S. 858-881

„… continentalshelf claims based on islands would have led to countless new maritime delimitation disputes.The purpose …” „… , Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia), Judgment, ICJ Reports (2012), 624; ITLOS, The‘Monte …” „… ‘island’ in Art. 121 (1), see e. g. ICJ, Territorialand Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia), Judgment …”

Article 147. Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine environment S. 1035-1046

„… , Leiden JIL 16 (2003), 621–630;Marcel Brus, Third Party Dispute Settlement in an Interdependent World …” „… Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons andEntities with Respect to …” „… on land.In its 2011 Advisory Opinion, the Seabed Disputes Chamber of ITLOS held that …”

Article 29. Majority for decision S. 2422-2425

„… dispute.Bibliography: David H. Anderson, Deliberations, Judgments, and Separate Opinions in the Practice of …” „… , the ITLOS has obviously no ‘jurisdiction over the dispute’. Thedispute falls under the jurisdiction of …” „… opinions in favour of a more flexibleinterpretation of the terms ‘jurisdiction’ and ‘dispute’ in Art. 28 …”

Article 177. Privileges and immunities S. 1232-1236

„… ) disputesbetween a State Party and the ISA; (ii) disputes between parties to a contract, which may beStates Parties …” „… . 187, compulsoryjurisdiction falls under the 11-member ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber: (i …” „… , the ISA or the Enterprise, State enterprises and natural or juridical persons;(iii) disputes of a …”

Article 145. Protection of the marine environment S. 1007-1028

„… Boyle/Catherine Redgwell, International Law & the Environment (3rd edn.2009); Marcel Brus, Third Party Dispute …” „… OceanFloor—the Seabed Disputes Chamber’s 2011 Advisory Opinion, IJMCL 26 (2011), 525–568; Adrian G. Glover/Craig …” „… ; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations ofStates Sponsoring Persons and Entities …”

Article 246. Marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf S. 1649-1664

„… Malick Ndiaye/Rüdiger Wolfrum (eds.), Law of the Sea, Environmental Law andSettlement of Disputes (2007 …” „… ), 593–611; Natalie Klein, Dispute Settlement in the UN Convention on the Law ofthe Sea (2005); Doris König …” „… there is asevere danger in the requested area or there is a risk of aggravating a dispute with …”

Article 5. Transfer of technology S. 2147-2154

„… transferred by thatcontractor to the Enterprise.4. Disputes concerning undertakings required by paragraph 3 …” „… by avoiding disputes over the transfer of technology as a ground for delaying orrejecting the …” „… the ICNT/Rev.1. The detailed recourse to conciliation wasreplaced by the referral of disputes to the …”

Article 88. Reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes S. 682-687

„… , one should note that Art. 298 (1)(b) permits the exclusion of disputes concerningmilitary activities …” „… from the application of compulsory dispute settlement procedures underPart XV.17 However, ‘[w]ere …” „… military activities on the high seas generally to be consideredillegal, an exclusion of such disputes from …”

Preamble S. 1-17

„… peoples.Apart from that, Preamble 7 does not mention the settlement of international disputes(Art. 1 (1) UN …” „… provisions. Accordingly, the preambular paragraphsmay be taken into consideration in a legal dispute …” „… basis for a legal claim, preambularparagraphs may also be the subject of a dispute concerning the …”

Article 5. Declarations, notifications and communications S. 2532-2540

„… Wolfrum/Thomas A. Mensah (eds.), Law of the Sea, Environmental Law and Settlement of Disputes:Liber Amicorum …” „… dispute-settlement procedures’.Declarations, notifications and communications 14 Art. 5 Annex …” „… and Settlement of Disputes: Liber Amicorum Judge Thomas A. Mensah (2007), 389–403;Andrés Delgado …”

Article 73. Enforcement of laws and regulations of the coastal State S. 556-563

„… residual jurisdiction over such disputes,although States may agree on another forum21.13 The prompt release …” „… underthe Convention dispute settlement procedures. Under Art. 298 (1)(b), States Parties to theConvention …” „… may exclude ‘disputes concerning law enforcement activities in regard to theexercise of sovereign …”

Article 168. International character of the Secretariat S. 1198-1205

„… negotiations for the Convention, it was assumed that the Seabed DisputesChamber would have jurisdiction over …” „… replaced with the ‘Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber’.21 Revision I ofthe ICNT referred to ‘an appropriate tribunal …” „… , Art. 187 of the Convention only confersjurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber over ‘any other …”

Article 55. Specific legal regime of the exclusive economic zone S. 408-418

„… Klein, DisputeSettlement in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (2005); Shalva Kvinikhidze …” „… ) (1992), 9 (Agenda 21)Cases: Arbitral Tribunal, Dispute Concerning Filleting within the Gulf of St …” „… the Dispute Concerning Filleting withinthe Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada v. France), RIAA XIX (2006 …”

Article 310. Declarations and Statements S. 2001-2009

„… DisputeSettlement Mechanisms of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention: Did the Southern Bluefin Tuna Tribunal Get …” „… indicatingpreferred means of dispute settlement under Art. 287, indicating States’ understanding ofthe current state …” „… Antarctica, TheInternational Lawyer 19 (1985), 1309–1318; Natalie Klein, Dispute Settlement in the UN …”

Article 57. Breadth of the exclusive economic zone S. 437-444

„… Dyke (eds), Maritime Boundary Disputes,Settlement Processes, and the Law of the Sea (2009), 1, 14 …” „… Proposal to Avoid Conflict’, in: Seoung-Yong Hong/John M. Van Dyke (eds), Maritime BoundaryDisputes …” „… China Sea, in: S. Jayakumar/Tommy Koh/RobertBeckman (eds.), The South China Sea Disputes and the Law of …”

Article 241. Non-recognition of marine scientific research activities as the legal basis for claims S. 1624-1630

„… whether a disputeBulgaria et al.: Draft Articles for a Convention on Scientific Research in the World …” „… exploitation over the continental shelf followed from the territorial statusover land, a dispute regarding such …” „… and Pulau Sipadan16 before the ICJ,MSR was one element upon which one of the parties to the dispute …”

Article 3. Exploration and exploitation S. 2126-2135

„… secondary legislation must conform with the Convention. This has led the Seabed DisputesChamber in its …” „… , Status of Contracts for Exploration in the Area, ISA Doc. ISBA/22/C/5 (2016)Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes …” „… /A/11 (2012), Annex).12 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States …”

Article 118. Cooperation of States in the conservation and management of living resources S. 817-830

„… dispute. However, the lack ofspecificity in UNCLOS of the content of the duty, and the absence of any …” „… of marine livingresources and settling disputes between States was considered but rejected in favour …” „… their disputes by peaceful means. Asrecognized by the ICJ in the Fisheries Jurisdiction Cases …”

Article 54. Duties of ships and aircraft during their passage, research and survey activities, duties of the archipelagic State and laws and regulations of the archipelagic State relating to archipela... S. 404-408

„… , DisputeSettlement in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (2005); Shalva Kvinikhidze, Contemporary …” „… ) (1992), 9 (Agenda 21)Cases: Arbitral Tribunal, Dispute Concerning Filleting within the Gulf of St …”

Article 10. Preference and priority among applicants S. 2189-2193

„… evidentiary standard is.9 Further, in case a dispute arises relating to the satisfactory performance of …” „… Seabed Disputes Chamber in cases of non-compliance’; on thecompetence of the Legal and Technical …” „… disputesettlement procedures set out in Part XI, Section 5 of the Convention. The Regulations onProspecting and …”

Article 153. System of exploration and exploitation S. 1080-1089

„… DisputesChamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to …” „… )Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons …” „… Disputes Chamber.789. ‘A contract […] shall provide for security of tenure. Accordingly, thecontract shall …”

Article 61. Conservation of the living resources S. 480-493

„… DisputesChamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to …” „… ICJ ordered the parties to the dispute to negotiate an equitablesolution to their differences, taking …” „… 1982 and Beyond (1994), 57.64 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States …”

Article 33. Contiguous zone S. 254-272

„… M.Alexander, International Perspective on Maritime Boundary Disputes Involving Korea, Japan and China …” „… JOHN SELDEN became the main protagonists inprobably the first great doctrinal dispute in the history of …” „… legislative activities of States in thecontiguous zone.76 Potential disputes on this and other …”

Article 45. Innocent passage S. 327-334

„… , TheInternational Law of the Sea (2nd edn. 2016); Donald R. Rothwell, The Canadian-U.S. Northwest Passage Dispute:A …” „… of passage through the strait in question. The bilateral settlementof that dispute may be copied …”

Article 46. Use of terms S. 334-352

„… , TheInternational Law of the Sea (2nd edn. 2016); Donald R. Rothwell, The Canadian-U.S. Northwest Passage Dispute:A …” „… dispute with Qatar, Bahrain argued, however, that it is an archipelagic statede facto, see Qatar/Bahrain …” „… ; see also Donald R. Rothwell, The Canadian-U.S. Northwest Passage Dispute: A Reassessment, CILJ 26(1993 …”

Article 7. Straight baselines S. 65-84

„… 2001, ICJ Reports (2001), 40; PCA,Award on Territorial Sovereignty and Scope of the Dispute (Eritrea v …” „… the core of the dispute was the validity of aNorwegian fisheries zone established 4 NM (the then …” „… Cf. PCA, Award on Territorial Sovereignty and Scope of the Dispute (Eritrea v. Yemen), Award of 9 …”

Article 76. Definition of the continental shelf S. 587-600

„… Germany v. Denmark), Judgment of 20 February 1969, ICJ Reports(1969), 3; ITLOS, Dispute Concerning …” „… (2006), 28.15 ITLOS, Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Bangladesh and …” „… disputed areasrelevant to the continental shelf.Annex II to the Final ActStatement of understanding …”

Article 305. Signature S. 1968-1979

„… ofDisputes: ‘This Protocol shall remain open for signature by all States who become Parties to any Convention …” „… of disputes.32 Furthermore, when signing UNCLOS, a State can makedeclarations or statements provided …” „… disputesettlement from among a list of procedures31 and may opt out of the compulsory regime forcertain categories …”

Article 94. Duties of the flag State S. 707-714

„… , bethe subject matter of a dispute under this article which would be subject to UNCLOS’ disputesettlement …”

Article 123. Cooperation of States bordering enclosed or semi-enclosed seas S. 886-893

„… environmental or fisheries related practices are in dispute. The provisions identify theplayers (States …” „… hint at the right direction when it comes to the need ofcooperation in sensitive or disputed maritime …”

Article 23. Applicable law S. 2384-2387

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm4 The apparent effect of this provision was to allow a dispute arising …” „… ’ is additional to the requirement that the dispute must be submittedto the Tribunal ‘in accordance …” „… disputes arising under it to be referred unilaterally by aparty to the Tribunal, any application to the …”

Article 11. Institution of proceedings S. 2328-2330

„… the dispute may by agreementvary any provision of this annex’.1 The expression ‘applicable solely to …” „… that dispute’ was addedand the verb ‘vary’ was replaced with ‘modify’ on the recommendations of the …” „… theysee them fit. Such modifications being based on the agreement between the parties to aspecific dispute …”

Article 1. Institution of proceedings S. 2465-2467

„… provisions of Part XV, any party to a dispute may submit the dispute tothe arbitral procedure provided for in …” „… this Annex by written notification addressed to theother party or parties to the dispute. The …” „… : https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_2/provisional_-measures/order_200298_eng.pdf; ITLOS, Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the …”

Article 13. Quorum S. 2355-2357

„… particular dispute, havingregard to the effective functioning of the chambers as provided for in articles 14 …” „… and 15 ofthis Annex.3. All disputes and applications submitted to the Tribunal shall be heard and …” „… to constitute the Tribunal’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32. ‘All disputes and …”

Article 10. Right of parties to modify procedure S. 2327-2328

„… their dispute before the International Tribunal for theLaw of the Sea or before the International Court …” „… modify procedureThe parties to the dispute may by agreement applicable solely to that dispute modify …” „… introduced in the Revised SingleNegotiating Text, whose Art. 10 provided that ‘[t]he parties to the dispute …”

Article 302. Disclosure of information S. 1947-1950

„… to the procedures for thesettlement of disputes provided for in this Convention, nothing in this …” „… itssecurity.Bibliography: Natalie Klein, The Dispute Settlement Procedure under UNCLOS (2005); Natalie Klein …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31. ‘the procedures for the settlement of disputes provided for in this Convention …”

Article 1. General provisions S. 2334-2337

„… dispute to the Tribunal shall be governed by the provisions of PartsXI and XV.Bibliography: Joseph Akl …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53. ‘A reference of a dispute …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7I. Purpose and Function1 The UNCLOS provides for a number of means for the settlement of disputes …”

Article 7. Report S. 2322-2325

„… , its conclusions on all questions offact or law relevant to the matter in dispute and such …” „… parties to the dispute.2. The report of the commission, including its conclusions or recommendations …” „… ofDisputes to the President of the Conference in 1976 included Annex IA, paragraph 7, whichwas almost …”

Article 2. Composition S. 2337-2339

„… relied on Art. 1 (3) yet.243. ‘A reference of a dispute’7In terms of Art. 1 (4) Annex VI, the reference …” „… of a dispute to the Tribunal is governed bythe provisions of Parts XI and Part XV. As far as the …” „… Seabed Dispute Chamber is concerned,s. 5 of Part XI only governs disputes concerning the interpretation …”

Article 27. Conduct of case S. 2406-2412

„… Disputes under the United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea: A Drafting History and a Commentary …” „… Ndiaye/RüdigerWolfrum (eds.), Law of the Sea, Environmental Law, and Settlement of Disputes: Liber Amicorum Judge …” „… , Order of 30 March 1984, ICJ Reports (1984), 165; ICJ, Land, Island andMaritime Frontier Dispute (El …”

Article 39. Enforcement of decisions of the Chamber S. 2459-2461

„… Part I of the Revised Single Negotiating Text(RSNT) containing the Statute of the Sea-Bed Dispute …” „… Seabed Disputes Chamber ofthe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Art. 39 Annex VI deals with …” „… Revised Single Negotiating Textcontaining the Statute of the Sea-Bed Dispute Settlement System.1 That …”

Article 41. Amendments S. 2463-2465

„… provisions of Annex VI whichare not part of Section 4 but do refer to the Seabed Disputes Chamber, such as …” „… Institution of proceedingsSubject to the provisions of Part XV, any party to a dispute may submit the dispute …” „… or parties to the dispute. The notification shall be accompanied by a statementof the claim and the …”

Article 4. Functions of arbitral tribunal S. 2474-2475

„… tribunal to solve [the dispute] ex aequo et bono and inthat case the tribunal members shall act as …” „… theapplicability of Arts. 286–299, empowering the arbitral tribunal to settle all disputes1 See UNCLOS III, Peru …” „… character of the dispute and, inparticular, taking into account the limitations and exception contained in …”

Article 17. Nationality of members S. 2363-2366

„… Tribunal of the nationality of any of the parties to a dispute shallretain their right to participate as …” „… members of the Tribunal.2. If the Tribunal, when hearing a dispute, includes upon the bench a member of …” „… Tribunal.3. If the Tribunal, when hearing a dispute, does not include upon the bench a memberof the …”

Article 235. Responsibility and liability S. 1585-1591

„… compensation fordamage and the settlement of related disputes, as well as, where appropriate, developmentof …” „… Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons andEntities with …” „… Sponsoring Persons andEntities with Respect to Activities in the Area,6 the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the …”

Article 116. Right to fish on the high seas S. 791-803

„… Dispute, InternationalRelations 4 (1974), 559–584; Edward D. Brown, Iceland’s Fishery Limits: ‘The Legal …” „… ), 397–418; Peter G. Davies, The EC/CanadianFisheries Dispute in the Northwest Atlantic, ICLQ 44 (1995 …” „… Jurisdictional Dispute Over Highly Migratory Species of Tuna, Colum. J.Transnat’l L. 26 (1988), 475; H. Gary …”

Article 12. Failure to reply or to submit to conciliation S. 2330-2331

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm3. ‘Any party to the dispute, notified under paragraph 1, shall be obliged …” „… dispute to reply to notification of institution ofproceedings or to submit to such proceedings shall not …” „… Settlement ofDisputes (Art. 13)1 and the Informal Composite Negotiating Text/Rev.3 (Art. 13) contained …”

Article 185. Suspension of exercise of rights and privileges of membership S. 1249-1250

„… taken under paragraph 1 until the Seabed Disputes Chamber hasfound that a State Party has grossly and …” „… Council) until the SeabedDisputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS …” „… regarding this norm.Section 5Settlement of disputes and advisory opinionsArticle 186Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber …”

Article 191. Advisory opinions S. 1274-1277

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 191Advisory opinionsThe Seabed Disputes Chamber shall give …” „… (1975), 12; ITLOS SeabedDisputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9I. Purpose and Function1 Art. 191 confers the Seabed Disputes Chamber with the jurisdiction to …”

Article 8. Required majority for decisions S. 2480-2482

„… , including the remuneration of its members,shall be borne by the parties to the dispute in equal shares.’3 In …” „… yet arisen in Annex VII proceedings.Article 9Default of appearanceIf one of the parties to the dispute …” „… arbitral tribunal mustsatisfy itself not only that it has jurisdiction over the dispute but also that the …”

Article 6. Functions of the commission S. 2321-2322

„… . Historical Background2The letter from the Co-Chairman of the Informal Working Group on Settlement ofDisputes …” „… Co-Chairman of the Informal Working Group onSettlement of Disputes Addressed to the President of the …” „… to the matter in dispute and such recommendations as the commissionmay deem appropriate for an …”

Article 16. Rules of the Tribunal S. 2362-2363

„… nationality of any of the parties to a dispute shallretain their right to participate as members of the …” „… Tribunal.2. If the Tribunal, when hearing a dispute, includes upon the bench a member of thenationality of …” „… . If the Tribunal, when hearing a dispute, does not include upon the bench a memberof the nationality …”

Article 68. Sedentary species S. 540-543

„… : Anthony Aust, Handbook of International Law (2005); Issam Azzam, The Dispute between Franceand Brazil over …” „… definition of sedentary species;and this controversy gave rise to several disputes, such as the USA-Japan …” „… dispute over the king crabfishery in the eastern Behring Sea and the Franco-Brazilian dispute over the …”

Article 201. Scientific criteria for regulations S. 1344-1346

„… Control of MarinePollution)Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligation of States …” „… impacts of pollution on coastaland marine environments and ecosystems. As the Seabed Disputes Chamber of …” „… Obligations of Sponsoring States advisory opinion, the Seabed Disputes Chamber of theITLOS observed that the …”

Article 40. Applicability of other sections of this Annex S. 2461-2463

„… )Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons …” „… SeabedDisputes Chamber. Art. 40, which is modelled on Art. 68 of the Statute of the InternationalCourt of Justice …” „… the jurisdiction of the Tribunalcomprises not only ‘all disputes and all applications submitted to it …”

Article 63. Stocks occurring within the exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States or both within the exclusive economic zone and in an area beyond and adjacent to it S. 506-513

„… that:‘any dispute arising from the alleged failure to comply with the obligation under article 63,paragraph …” „… 1, of the Convention, unlike those disputes arising from the exercise of sovereign rightsof the …” „… States or simplycooperation.13 A proposal to allow invoking the dispute settlement mechanism of …”

Article 38. Applicable law S. 2458-2459

„… Disputes Chamber ofthe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Art. 38 Annex VI deals with the law …” „… ); see also ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring …” „… ) containing the Statute of the Sea-Bed Dispute Settlement System.1 That provisionwas somewhat longer than Art …”

Article 19. Expenses of the Tribunal S. 2369-2370

„… the parties to that case.Bibliography: A. O. Adede, The System for Settlement of Disputes under the …” „… , Dispute Settlement and the Law of theSea Convention: Problems of Fragmentation and Jurisdiction, ICLQ 37 …” „… Disputes, Indian JIL 37 (1999), 347–355; L. Dolliver4 UNCLOS III, Informal Composite Negotiating Text, UN …”

Article 143. Marine scientific research S. 989-1002

„… , Common Heritage of Mankind, in: MPEPIL, available at: http://opil.ouplaw.comCases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes …” „… UNCLOS III (1973–1982) many questions with regard to scientific researchwere disputed.15 Most importantly …” „… States. It is disputed whether States that are not party to theConvention are allowed to conduct MSR in …”

Article 225. Duty to avoid adverse consequences in the exercise of the powers of enforcement S. 1534-1537

„… , Dispute Regarding Navigational and Related Rights (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), Judgment of 13 July 2009 …” „… . Guinea), Judgment1 July 1999, ITLOS Reports (1999), 10; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities …” „… , Dispute Regarding Navigational and Related Rights (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), Judgment of 13 July 2009,ICJ …”

Article 9. Activities in reserved areas S. 2177-2189

„… . Nandan (2014), 282–298; Michael W. Lodge, SomeReflections on the First Request to the Seabed Disputes …” „… anAdvisory Opinion from the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea …” „… Reports (1974), 3; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligationsof States Sponsoring …”

Article 115. Indemnity for loss incurred in avoiding injury to a submarine cable or pipeline S. 788-791

„… . Barston/Hjálmar W. Hanneson, The Anglo-Icelandic Fisheries Dispute, InternationalRelations 4 (1974), 559–584 …” „… EC/CanadianFisheries Dispute in the Northwest Atlantic, ICLQ 44 (1995), 927–939; David Freestone, Principles Applicable …” „… Critique, ODIL 28 (1997) 147–166;Christopher Kelly, Law of the Sea: The Jurisdictional Dispute Over Highly …”

Article 148. Participation of developing States in activities in the Area S. 1046-1052

„… Disputes Chamber’s2011 Advisory Opinion, IJMCL 26 (2011), 525–568; Wolfgang Graf Vitzthum, International …” „… %202010_final.pdfCases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States …” „… Vöneky/Höfelmeier on Art. 136.25 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States …”

Article 300. Good faith and abuse of rights S. 1937-1943

„… dispute settlement scheme.5 Indeed, Art. 300 has itsgenesis within the negotiations on, inter alia, the …” „… settlement of disputes.6 Notwithstanding thatthe treaty-related aspects of good faith be taken into account …” „… disputes relating to the exercise of thesovereign rights of the coastal States in the exclusive economic …”

Article 228. Suspension and restrictions on institution of proceedings S. 1547-1552

„… of the right of flag State pre-emption.2418 Should a dispute arise between the coastal and flag …” „… make use of the dispute settlement mechanismsprovided in Part XV of UNCLOS.6. ‘The flag State shall in …” „… relevant port orcoastal State to make use of the dispute settlement mechanisms provided in Part XV ofUNCLOS …”

Article 301. Peaceful uses of the seas S. 1943-1947

„… applicantStates ‘attempt[ed] to aggravate the dispute […] and […] create a spurious claim underUNCLOS.’44 Japan …” „… thesettlement of disputes provided for in this Convention, nothing in this Convention shall bedeemed to require …” „… Dispute Settlement Procedure under UNCLOS (2005); Natalie Klein, MaritimeSecurity and the Law of the Sea …”

Article 1. Title to minerals S. 2113-2117

„… Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons andEntities with …” „… reserves for polymetallic nodules in the Area.12 The Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal …” „… opinion. See: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber,Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons …”

Article 162. Powers and functions S. 1157-1169

„… proceedings on behalf of the Authority before the Seabed Disputes Chamberin cases of non-compliance;(v) notify …” „… the Assembly upon a decision by the Seabed Disputes Chamber in proceedingsinstituted under …” „… Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea(ITLOS) in cases of …”

Article 165. The Legal and Technical Commission S. 1178-1187

„… instituted on behalf of the Authoritybefore the Seabed Disputes Chamber, in accordance with this Part and the …” „… to measures to be taken, upon adecision by the Seabed Disputes Chamber in proceedings instituted in …” „… the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea(ITLOS) on behalf of …”

Article 37. Scope of this section S. 287-293

„… Pharand/Leonard H.Legault, The Northwest Passage: Arctic Straits (1984); George P. Politakis, The Aegean Dispute …” „… , The Aegean Dispute in the 1990s: Naval Aspects of the New Law of the Sea Convention,in: Theodore C …” „… navigation of which26 Pharand/Legault (note 18), 100. It should also be borne in mind that the dispute has …”

Article 41. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in straits used for international navigation S. 307-313

„… (2000), 7–16;George P. Politakis, The Aegean Dispute in the 1990s: Naval Aspects of the New Law of the …” „… Concerning a Dispute between Argentina and Chile Concerning the BeagleChannel (Argentina v. Chile), Judgment …” „… generalrelevance to the regime of international straits: Court of Arbitration, Case Concerning a Dispute …”

Article 198. Notification of imminent or actual damage S. 1333-1338

„… ), 280; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obliga-tions of States Sponsoring Persons and …” „… the Law of theSea (ITLOS). Moreover, as the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the ITLOS observed in …” „… : http://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_3_4/Separate.Treves.27.08.99.E.pdf.22 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and …”

Article 199. Contingency plans against pollution S. 1338-1341

„… Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons andEntities with …” „… Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities inthe Area, the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the …” „… ), ILM 31, 874 (Rio Declaration), Principle 15.8 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and …”

Article 159. Composition, procedure and voting S. 1122-1132

„… Convention of a proposal before the Assembly on any matter, the Assembly shallrequest the Seabed Disputes …” „… , 1990 (1991), 213–235Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States …” „… […]’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1411. ‘[…] request the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal forthe Law of the Sea to …”

Article 144. Transfer of technology S. 1002-1007

„… : http://opil.ouplaw.comCases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons …” „… Art. 143 MN 20–26.2 See Vöneky/Höfelmeier on Art. 136.3 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber …” „… Brus, Third Party Dispute Settlement in an Interdependent World: Developing a TheoreticalFramework …”

Article 36. High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones through straits used for international navigation S. 284-287

„… .), International Navigation: Rocks and Shoals Ahead? (1988), 173; Jon M. VanDyck, The Aegean Disputes in …” „… , The Aegean Disputes in International Law, ODIL 36 (2005), 63, 93.11 Choon-Ho Park, The Korea Strait …” „… Pharand/Leonard H.Legault, The Northwest Passage: Arctic Straits (1984); George P. Politakis, The Aegean Dispute …”

Article 139. Responsibility to ensure compliance and liability for damage S. 968-976

„… Seabed Disputes Chamber of theInternational Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: The Advisory Opinion on …” „… ), Judgment of 1 July1999, ITLOS Reports (1999), 10; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and …” „… such activities shall entail liability.’71 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and …”

Article 140. Benefit of mankind S. 976-982

„… Countries and Peoples, GA Res. 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber …” „… Parties.32 See ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring …” „… /Statement_Nauru.pdf,.33 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons …”

Article 242. Promotion of international cooperation S. 1630-1636

„… . Uruguay), Judgment of 20 April 2010,ICJ Reports (2010), 14; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber …” „… 246, is further enhanced by the exclusion of disputes relating to the exercise of those powers in …” „… theexclusive economic zone and the continental shelf from the binding disputes settlement mechanism provided …”

Article 2. Prospecting S. 2117-2126

„… I (2006)Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring …” „… )) in the Areawhich encompass exploration and exploitation only. Although the Seabed Disputes Chamberof …” „… Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entitieswith Respect to …”

Article 146. Protection of human life S. 1028-1035

„… Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons andEntities with …” „… of national jurisdiction. In order to avoid disputes and lacunae in theprotection of human life due …” „… protection of human life. Most importantly,25 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations …”

Article 158. Organs of the Authority S. 1115-1122

„… of the dispute settlement mechanism of Part XI ( Art. 187).Article 158Organs of the Authority1. There …” „… , the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the Interna-tional Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, which acts as a …” „… its separatelegal capacity to enter into contracts, separate locus standi before the Seabed Disputes …”

Article 5 S. 2087-2093

„… of Procedure. Annex I concerns how submissionsmay be affected by disputes between States relating to …” „… delimitation and other disputes,6Annex II relates to the confidentiality of submissions including their safe …” „… submission; clarifications;disputes related to a submission; the subcommission’s main scientific and …”

Article 260. Safety zones S. 1740-1744

„… (2009)Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring …” „… ITLOS Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber, an obligation ‘to ensure’ is a ‘due diligence’ obligation:ITLOS Seabed …” „… Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities withRespect to …”

Article 38. Right of transit passage S. 293-300

„… the Sea, Environmental Law and Settlement of Disputes (2007), 583–592; Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe …” „… Disputes in International Law, ODIL 36 (2005), 63–117; José A. de Yturriaga, Straits Used forInternational …” „… the Sea, Environmental Law and Settlement of Disputes (2007), 583, 592.38 The Albanian Constitutional …”

Article 226. Investigation of foreign vessels S. 1537-1544

„… : TafsirMalick Ndiaye/Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed.), Law of the Sea, Environmental Law and Settlement of Disputes …” „… and includes a reference to dispute settlement in accordancewith Part XV of UNCLOS. Art. 226 (2 …” „… prejudice to any attempt to peacefully settle a dispute onthe matter ( Art. 283 (1)).19 Pursuant to Arts …”

Article 178. Immunity from legal process S. 1236-1238

„… courtjurisdiction without waive from its head.1 On the other hand, UNCLOS provides the SeabedDisputes Chamber of the …” „… International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) hasjurisdiction over any disputes between States Parties …”

Article 12. President, Vice-President and Registrar S. 2353-2355

„… consideration of a particular dispute, havingregard to the effective functioning of the chambers as provided for …” „… in articles 14 and 15 ofthis Annex.3. All disputes and applications submitted to the Tribunal shall …”

Article 20. Transfer of rights and obligations S. 2261-2263

„… Elverfeldt, The Settlement ofDisputes in Deep Seabed Mining (1998)Documents: ISA, Regulations on Prospecting …” „… Area, ISA Doc. ISBA/16/A/12/Rev.1 (2010), AnnexCases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities …”

Article 81. Drilling on the Continental Shelf S. 634-639

„… marineenvironment’20. A dispute arose in 1953 in relation to drilling on the continental shelf, as theSheikh of Abu …” „… December 1978, ICJ Reports(1978), 3.24 Ibid., 9 (para. 16).25 The dispute between Greece and Turkey in …” „… XV of the Convention on dispute settlement (Art. 83 (2)).37 In practice,many such agreements exist …”

Article 319. Depositary S. 2039-2044

„… thereto’; Art. 187 defining thejurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber to cover ‘this Part and the …” „… disputes about the performance of depositary functions.18 Final Clauses Handbook (note 3), 10; Anthony Aust …” „… choice of dispute settlement procedures under Art. 287 (8),which are then transmitted to parties just as …”

Article 206. Assessment of potential effects of activities S. 1369-1378

„… , Order of 8 October2003, ITLOS Reports (2003), 10; ITLOS Seabed Dispute Chamber, Responsibilities and …” „… activities in the Area (see in this regard e. g. ITLOS SeabedDispute Chamber, Responsibilities and …” „… advisory opinion on Responsibilities and Obligations of Sponsoring States,the ITLOS Seabed Dispute Chamber …”

Article 14. Combination of methods for determining baselines S. 147-149

„… mm 240.00mmla mer (1984); Elisio B. Jamine, Maritime Boundaries Delimitation, Management and Dispute …” „… territorial seas of the two States in a way whichis at variance therewith.Management and Dispute Resolution …”

Article 16. Exclusive right to explore and exploit S. 2224-2235

„… “dueregard” affect the burden of proof. That is, in the event of a dispute, the presumption should be in …” „… Authority.28 This was highlighted in the Fisheries Jurisdiction Case where the dispute involved the …” „… . That is, in the event of a dispute, the presumption should be in favour of theexercise of the freedom …”

Article 254. Rights of neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States S. 1707-1713

„… rectified. In this vein,it has been argued that a dispute concerning whether Arts. 248 and 249 have …” „… State safeguarded by Art. 248 and 249. However, Art. 297 (2) (b)provides that disputes arising from an …” „… Art. 253 (1)is included in the category of disputes only subject to compulsory conciliation.19Art. 253 …”

Article 11. Ports S. 119-128

„… Malaysia/Singapore dispute,59 concerning the delimitation of the western boundary in the Straits ofJohor and the …” „… Reclamation Case (note 6), 7, 11, where heemphasised that at the start of the dispute in 1980 there was no …” „… indicated that artificial basepoints – such as theSulina Dyke – used by one party to a maritime dispute as a …”

Article 224. Exercise of powers of enforcement S. 1531-1534

„… Reports (2010),14; ICJ, Dispute Regarding Navigational and Related Rights (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua …” „… Grenadines v. Guinea), Judgment1 July 1999, ITLOS Reports (1999), 10; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber …”

Article 164. The Economic Planning Commission S. 1174-1178

„… ) recommend to the Council that proceedings be instituted on behalf of the Authoritybefore the Seabed Disputes …” „… Seabed Disputes Chamber in proceedings instituted in accordancewith subparagraph (i);(k) make …”

Article 151. Production policies S. 1066-1074

„… disputes arising under this provision, States Partieswhich are Parties to such multilateral trade …” „… refers to multilateral trade agreements with regard to unfair economic practicesand dispute settlement …” „… economicpractices and dispute settlement, which had been proposed and introduced in the article asrecently as …”

Article 84. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates S. 666-670

„… States concerned may be a subject of dispute.107 In the 1985Guinea/Guinea-Bissau Arbitration, for …” „… Nicaragua/Honduras Case (note 29), 736–737 (paras. 257–258).112 ICJ, Maritime Dispute (Peru v. Chile), Judgment of 24 …”

Article 157. Nature and fundamental principles of the Authority S. 1107-1115

„… establishment of missions. As is usual practice, the Headquarters Agreement alsocontains a dispute settlement …” „… to circumscribe these main purposes may differ, their content is generallynot in dispute. See …” „… theStates Parties to make use of the dispute settlement mechanism of Part XI ( Art. 187).Article 158Organs …”

Article 25. Rights of protection of the coastal State S. 222-226

„… of the Sea: Environmental Law and Settlement of Disputes (2007),497–517; Myron H. Nordquist/Satya N …” „… Ndiaye/Rüdiger Wolfrum (eds.), Law of the Sea. Environmental Lawand Settlement of Disputes (2007), 497–517.15 ILC …”

Article 141. Use of the Area exclusively for peaceful purposes S. 982-986

„… to United Nations Secretary-General, UN Doc. A/6695 (1967)Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber …” „… installed by Art. 142 (1) is a test of due regard,30 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and …”

Article 215. Enforcement with respect to pollution from activities in the Area S. 1463-1467

„… Area, ISA Doc. ISBA/16/A/12/REV.1 (2010), AnnexCases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities …” „… Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entitieswith Respect to …”

Article 56. Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone S. 418-437

„… , namely the rights of the UnitedKingdom to fish in the waters in dispute, and the preferential rights of …” „… substantive law before a courtthus results in shifting the burden of proof from one party to the dispute to …” „… from 20.02.2017 17:55:333B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmtent dispute settlement body is thus …”

Article 234. Ice-covered areas S. 1566-1585

„… ) on compulsory dispute settlement.2 Pursuant to Art. 236, State-ownedvessels used for non-commercial …” „… dispute resolution, MOORE recalls that, even though the original language heproposed on navigational …” „… submitted to compulsory dispute settlement104 in orderto safeguard the freedom of navigation against random …”

Article 13. Financial terms of contracts S. 2199-2209

„… contractors to further the objectives set out in paragraph 1.15. In the event of a dispute between the …” „… dispute settlement under such contracts.2Art. 13 Annex III in its key elements was radically altered by …” „… disputes over theinterpretation or application of Art. 13.2. ‘A fee shall be levied for the administrative …”

Article 32. Immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes S. 250-254

„… ITLOS decision in the ‘ARA Libertad’ Case,which found the provision to be at issue in a dispute …” „… M.Alexander, International Perspective on Maritime Boundary Disputes Involving Korea, Japan and China …”

Article 96. Immunity of ships used only on government non-commercial service S. 716-721

„… dispute settlement system as regards‘military activities, including military activities by government …” „… courts under general international lawin any event.15Inter-State disputes regarding military activities …”

Article 1. Use of terms and scope S. 17-27

„… at:http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1392; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Ob-ligations of States Sponsoring …” „… precision of the scope of the ‘activities in the Area’. The scope was clarified by theSeabed Disputes …” „… Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crusts in the Area, UNDoc. ISBA/18/A/11 (2012), Annex.35 ITLOS Seabed Disputes …”

Article 16. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates S. 167-176

„… , Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the MaritimeBoundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar in the Bay of …” „… matter was more directly raised, but, in the end, inconsequentially, in the recentDispute Concerning …” „… ITLOS, Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar inthe Bay …”

Article 156. Establishment of the Authority S. 1097-1107

„… effective.59 In thecontext of the Authority, the existence of the dispute settlement system established by …” „… Arts.186–191 and their express limitations of the jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber(SDC) of …” „… Agreement alsocontains a dispute settlement provision including an arbitration clause.103 Notably, there …”

Article 117. Duty of States to adopt with respect to their nationals measures for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas S. 803-817

„… framed by the Court, theessence of the dispute was whether Canada had violated Spain’s rights under …” „… dispute where the EU contested, as aninvalid assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction, Chile’s …” „… submitted the dispute to theInternational Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), both parties claiming the …”

Article 184. Suspension of the exercise of voting rights S. 1248-1249

„… until the Seabed Disputes Chamber hasfound that a State Party has grossly and persistently violated the …”

Article 194. Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment S. 1295-1315

„… . Certainly, this may lead to jurisdictional disputes if other Statesuse lower standards of environmental …” „… , Order of 27 August 1999, ITLOS Reports (1999),280; ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and …” „… the River Uruguay and theITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2011.57 The …”

Article 149. Archaeological and historical objects S. 1052-1058

„… correct thatthe Seabed Disputes Chamber of ITLOS held in its 2011 advisory opinion48 with regard to …” „… prejudice to the rights of the owner thereof.3. Any dispute with regard to a preferential right under …”

Article 120. Marine mammals S. 850-858

„… quotaallocation to a member State constitutes unjustifiable discrimination. As regards non-members, disputes …” „… relating to allocation will be subject to the dispute settlement proceduresset out in Part XV.50 The …”

Article 167. The staff of the Authority S. 1191-1198

„… for dealing with administrative disputes. Instances of allegedmisconduct are referred to a Joint …” „… Nations.5220Other administrative disputes can be addressed through the Authority’s two-tier formalsystem …”

Article 3. Limitation of liability S. 2282-2284

„… interpretedrestrictively to refer to the fact that in contractual disputes between the Enterprise and acontractor, it is …”

Article 71. Non-applicability of articles 69 and 70 S. 552-554

„… compulsory dispute settlement ( Art. 297 (3)) as it relates to the‘sovereign rights with respect to the …”

Article 72. Restrictions on transfer of rights S. 554-556

„… interpretation of this provision would appear tofall within the exception to compulsory dispute settlement ( Art …”

Article 95. Immunity of warships on the high seas S. 714-716

„… preservation of the marine environment. States may also ‘opt out’of the application of the UNCLOS dispute …”

Article 8. Conditions relating to participation of members in a particular case S. 2347-2349

„… Text,which contained the Statute of the Sea-Bed Dispute Settlement System. Those provisionswere included in …”

Article 136. Common heritage of mankind S. 949-957

„… case, the Seabed Disputes Chamber of theTribunal has compulsory jurisdiction over all disputes …”

Article 259. Legal status S. 1738-1740

„… , Conservation and Management Measure 2009-05 (2009)Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and …”

Article 318. Status of Annexes S. 2037-2039

„… thereto’; Art. 187 defining thejurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber to cover ‘this Part and the …”

Article 119. Conservation of the living resources of the high seas S. 830-850

„… . Orellana, The Swordfish Dispute between the EU and Chile at the ITLOS and the WTO, NordicJournal of …” „… given,38but the 2013 dispute between Russia and the other members of the South Pacific RFMO …” „… discrimination. As regards non-members, disputes relating to allocation will be subject to the dispute settlement …”

Article 35. Scope of this Part S. 276-284

„… dispute. If the US became a party tothe UNCLOS in the near future, however, it could rely on Art. 35 (a …” „… , The Aegean Disputes in International Law, ODIL 36 (2005), 63–117Documents: IMO, Ships’ Routeing (2010 …”

Article 15. Training programmes S. 2216-2224

„… Conference on the Law of the Sea, ISA Doc. ISBA/7/LTC/2 (2001)Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber …” „… States should receive necessary assistance including training’:ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber …”

Article 200. Studies, research programmes and exchange of information and data S. 1341-1344

„… Control of MarinePollution)Cases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligation of States …”

Article 112. Right to lay submarine cables and pipelines S. 779-782

„… covered by the UNCLOS compulsory dispute settlement system.II. Historical Background3 Art. 61 of the …”

Article 314. Amendments to the provisions of this Convention relating exclusively to activities in the Area S. 2025-2028

„… Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber ofthe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea6 ( Annex VI Art. 41 (2)). The …”

Article 44. Duties of States bordering straits S. 324-327

„… coastal State in accordance with theSOLAS 1974, and that in case of a dispute involving the rights and the …”

Article 142. Rights and legitimate interests of coastal States S. 986-989

„… installed by Art. 142 (1) is a test of due regard,30 ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities and …”

Article 243. Creation of favourable conditions S. 1636-1639

„… (2010), para. 164; ITLOS SeabedDisputes Chamber, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring …”

Article 9. Mouths of rivers S. 96-105

„… 2001,ICJ Reports (2001), 40; ICJ, Case Concerning Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua …” „… and on-going sedimental accretion in the river: ICJ, Case Concerning Territorialand Maritime Dispute …”

Article 4. Outer limit of the territorial sea S. 41-45

„… potentially lead to uncertainty and disputes as ever theapplicable outer limit of the territorial sea.II …”

Article 154. Periodic Review S. 1089-1092

„… non-compliancethe Authority may institute proceedings before the Seabed Disputes Chamber.789. ‘A contract […] shall …”

Article 67. Catadromous species S. 536-540

„… International Law (2005); Issam Azzam, The Dispute between Franceand Brazil over Lobster Fishing in the Atlantic …”

Article 2. Relationship to the Authority S. 2278-2282

„… obligations. Art. 2 (3) ‘should be interpretedrestrictively to refer to the fact that in contractual disputes …”

Article 28. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships S. 237-241

„… appropriateforum and law for the resolution of a private law dispute. However, international law remainsconcerned …”

Article 97. Penal jurisdiction in matters of collision or any other incident of navigation S. 721-725

„… Inter-State disputes regarding military activities conducted by ‘government vessels andaircraft engaged in …”

Article 138. General conduct of States in relation to the Area S. 964-968

„… Liability in the Seabed Disputes Chamber of theInternational Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: The Advisory …”

Article 195. Duty not to transfer damage or hazards or transform one type of pollution into another S. 1315-1319

„… trigger disputes in the sense of Part XV. In some cases, it may be better to letthe natural cleaning power …”

Article 19. Revision of contract S. 2257-2261

„… those circumstances, the matter might be referred to the Seabed Disputes Chamber underArticle 187 or to …”

Article 320. Authentic texts S. 2044-2049

„… dispute settlement procedures under Art. 287 (8),which are then transmitted to parties just as other …”

Article 126. Exclusion of application of the most-favoured-nation clause S. 911-916

„… dispute resolution procedure, designation of transit transport corridors (including specific ports),safety …”

Article 169. Consultation and cooperation with international and non-governmental organizations S. 1205-1210

„… the Authority was answerable with regard to any seabedmining dispute.’19 Subsequently, the Secretariat …”

Article 205. Publication of reports S. 1364-1369

„… monitoring programmes.10 However, in contrast to today’s Art. 205, the earlyShelf and the compulsory dispute …”

Article 214. Enforcement with respect to pollution from seabed activities S. 1458-1463

„… Area, ISA Doc. ISBA/16/A/12/REV.1 (2010), AnnexCases: ITLOS Seabed Disputes Chamber, Responsibilities …”

Article 8 S. 2100-2104

„… States Parties. The Commission has no powerto refer a continuing disagreement to the Part XV dispute …”

Article 24. Duties of the coastal State S. 217-222

„… of the Sea: Environmental Law and Settlement of Disputes (2007),497–517; Myron H. Nordquist/Satya N …”

Article 58. Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone S. 444-458

„… ; Natalie Klein, Dispute Settlement in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (2005); Myron …” „… ; ICJ, Case concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Mali), Judgment of 22 December 1986,ICJ …”

Article 160. Powers and functions S. 1132-1148

„… Seabed Disputes Chamber ofthe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Art. 191), to undertake a …” „… membershipuntil the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea hasconfirmed that …”

Article 216. Enforcement with respect to pollution by dumping S. 1467-1474

„… IUU Fishing Activities, and the Settlement of Disputes, in: ErikFranckx/Philippe Gautier (eds.): The …”

Article 4 S. 2081-2087

„… a dispute with an opposite orneighbouring State, and to complete the submission after the ten years …”

Article 14. Transfer of data S. 2209-2216

„… dispute á l’égoÿsme habituel d’un contractant aux droits exclusifsgarantis.’: Jamarche (note 2), 180.4 …”

Article 3. Breadth of the territorial sea S. 34-41

„… .19 UNCLOS I clearly showed economicreasons at the heart of the dispute, in particular the right of …”

Article 193. Sovereign right of States to exploit their natural resources S. 1287-1295

„… . Certainly, this may lead to jurisdictional disputes if other Statesuse lower standards of environmental …”

Article 238. Right to conduct marine scientific research S. 1605-1614

„… rights, non-memberorganizations cannot take recourse to UNCLOS dispute settlement to enforce the right …”

Article 2. Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil S. 27-34

„… legislation over territorialwaters was accepted as evidence of Danish sovereignty over disputed parts of …”

Article 17. Right of innocent passage S. 176-181

„… offenses committed under the criminal law of England washotly disputed.9 The scope of innocent passage …”

Article 26. Charges which may be levied on foreign ships S. 226-229

„… in coastal waters dates back to at least the 15th century, butthis was usually disputed.1 At the end …”

Annex II to the Final Act. Statement of understanding concerning a specific method to be used in establishing the outer edge of the continental margin S. 600-604

„… examination of submissions which are in any way subject to disputed areasrelevant to the continental …”

Article 122. Definition S. 881-886

„… Convention, it hasbeen disputed whether the Arctic Ocean is an enclosed or semi-enclosed sea. From …”

Article 124. Use of Terms S. 893-898

„… historically a highly disputed topic.9 Thus, it isnot surprising that the definitions which formed the basis of …”

Article 150. Policies relating to activities in the Area S. 1058-1066

„… of resource policy was particularly disputed. A balance had to befound especially between, on the one …”

Article 308. Entry into force S. 1985-1992

„… bedisregarded.11 In practice, the Convention’s entry into force was considerably delayed by the disputerelating …”

Article 77. Rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf S. 604-614

„… dispute settlement and MSR. See Huh/Nishimoto on Art. 245MN 11–12.66 Though only artificial islands for …”

Article 192. General obligation S. 1277-1287

„… Chagos Case consideredthat the dispute concerning the establishment of the Chagos Marine Protected Area …”

Article 217. Enforcement by flag States S. 1474-1487

„… Disputes, in: ErikFranckx/Philippe Gautier (eds.): The Exercise of Jurisdiction over Vessels: New …”

Article 8. Internal waters S. 84-96

„… port.80 In principle, civil jurisdiction also extends to disputes involvingthe crew of the merchant …”

Article 125. Right of access to and from the sea and freedom of transit S. 898-911

„… couldinvoke the compulsory dispute settlement provisions of the Convention under Part XV.106The Convention is …”

Article 47. Archipelagic baselines S. 352-374

„… agreement to ‘exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities thatwould complicate or escalate disputes …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406779374

Kai Ambos - Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

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Kai Ambos (ed.)

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

Series: Beck International

Volume 2022

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Article 119. Settlement of disputes S. 2846-2855

„… as to bring a particular dispute-settlement provision into play, has itself sometimes been a subject …” „… cooperative, dispute-settlement role in this area. 8 The judges, the prosecutors, the registrars and the staff …” „… existing framework of dispute-settlement obligations. Article 36(1) ICJ Statute provides that the …”

Article 120. Reservations S. 2855-2871

„… been disputed. Any dispute on this question would be subject of the ASP according to Article 119(2). 38 …” „… competent to decide a dispute concerning the admissibility of reservations. It added a fourth alternative (i …” „… all or part of its reservations. 4. Option A In the event of a dispute or legal question arising in …”

Article 3. Seat of the Court S. 49-98

„… Headquarters Agreement ...... 32 VII. A mandating clause/settlement of disputes …” „… settlement of disputes. Dispute settlement, in various forms, occurs between various actors. The settlement …” „… of disputes between an international entity and a Host State is no exception. As such, a settlement …”

Article 97. Consultations S. 2575-2585

„… for a formal dispute resolution mechanism to address circumstances where there were problems with the …” „… Statute to authoritatively settle the dispute. B. Analysis and interpretation of elements I …” „… for arrest and surrender because of its interactions with the Court in Jun. 2015, namely the disputed …”

Article 125. Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession S. 2915-2919

„… deposited a notification of accession to the Statute, but withdrew due to internal constitutional disputes …” „… ; accessed 30 Sep. 2020; McKenzie, S., Disputed Territories and International Criminal Law …” „… concerning Palestine and the ICC, see McKenzie, Disputed Territories (2020). 5 ICC, OTP, Situation in …”

Preamble S. 1-17

„… fall within the jurisdiction of the Court. As regards these crimes, the only dispute was whether there …” „… enforcement of certain norms of ICL. It does not deal with State responsibility or the settlement of disputes …” „… complementarity its phrasing was more disputed than its establishment as such. Correspondingly, it was also …”

Article 72. Protection of national security information S. 2127-2174

„… that a trial is fair.22 Accordingly, where the disputed material is not in the exclusive hands of the …”

Article 9. Elements of Crimes S. 727-756

„… proscriptions that precede them in Article 7. 8 Disputes as to whether more precise elements of crimes should be …” „… further elaboration of their constituent elements.33 The main disputed issues were the placement of …” „… ‘act’ and 50 This was a highly disputed addition in the Elements. While many participants thought it …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ................................................................................................ ........................... 2842 Part 13 Final Clauses Article 119. Settlement of disputes …” „… Reconstruction of Disputed Events (Nijhoff 2013), quoted as: Klamberg, Evidence (2013); Klip, A., European …”

Article 27. Irrelevance of official capacity S. 1255-1280

„… summit of the African Union, where South Africa failed to arrest him.104 In the dispute over South …” „… Council explicitly upholds immunities114 in future referrals that the disputes (see mn. 23 ff.) about the …” „… . 250 ff. 18 On the doctrinally disputed, but eventually irrelevant relationship between Article 27(1 …”

Article 118. Annual audit S. 2842-2846

„… , administration, financing, amendment and review, reservations and settlement of disputes.1 The Part was first …” „… disputes 1. Any dispute concerning the judicial functions of the Court shall be settled by the decision of …” „… the Court. 2. Any other dispute between two or more States Parties relating to the interpretation or …”

Article 101. Rule of speciality S. 2684-2697

„… of dispute clause. 35 For application of the speciality rule on transfer of execution of the Court’s …” „… to nationals was disputed until the final days of the Rome Conf. A significant number of States,2 …”

Article 95. Postponement of execution of a request in respect of an admissibility challenge S. 2565-2570

„… met. The Chamber found that when a dispute arises as to whether these pre-requisites for the …” „… application of Article 95 of the Statute are met, such dispute cannot be unilaterally settled by the State. It …”

Index S. 3037-3064

„… . – dispute regarding legality of a request 37 51 ff. – failure to cooperate 87 37, 48 ff. – finding of a …” „… Discontinuation of investigation 15 34 ff. Discretion of determination jurisdiction 19 9 ff. Dispute regarding …” „… scope 3 25 – security and operational assistance 3 32 – settlement of disputes 3 34 ff. – Special Court …”

Article 8bis. Crime of aggression S. 686-727

„… another State, remains a matter of dispute. For purposes of Article 8bis, this raises the question whether …” „… facts of the ground, which in many cases will be disputed, such use of force might not yet be …”

Article 73. Third-party information or documents S. 2174-2190

„… and whether it was under an ‘obligation of confidentiality’. If dispute should arise, the …” „… Article 119(1), ‘[a]ny dispute concerning the judicial functions of the Court shall be settled by the …” „… the dispute settlement procedures under the Statute. Under the notion of abuse of rights/abus de droit …”

Article 71. Sanctions for misconduct before the Court S. 2108-2127

„… interpretational disputes. B. Analysis and interpretation of elements 9 Article 71 merely sets the framework for …” „… submitted that the wording of Article 71 is not necessarily the best arbiter of interpretational disputes …” „… practice, however, this academic dispute is moot. Rules 170 and 171 both require a mental element. In case …”

Article 86. General obligation to cooperate S. 2452-2457

„… the dispute settlement mechanism have been identified as the three decisive factors to locate the …” „… reciprocity and the power of the Court to authoritatively settle any dispute with a State Party about …” „… terms. The power of the Court to authoritatively settle any dispute about cooperation is enshrined in …”

Article 87. Requests for cooperation: general provisions S. 2457-2492

„… ’, (1996) 7 EJIL 226; Ochoa, J.C., ‘The Settlement of Disputes Concerning States Arising From the …” „… . Dispute regarding the legality of a request under Article 93........... 51 3. Finding of a failure to …” „… not prevent the Court from exercising its functions and powers. 2. Dispute regarding the legality of a …”

Article 92. Provisional arrest S. 2525-2529

„… , as the principles underlying this subparagraph were not in dispute, it was agreed that the relevant …”

Article 96. Contents of request for other forms of assistance under Article 93 S. 2570-2575

„… for a formal dispute resolution mechanism to address circumstances where there were problems with the …”

Article 17. Issues of admissibility S. 945-1009

„… . Less clear cut examples might concern categories relating to disputed territories, such as Kosovo …” „… (which is recognised by many Western Countries, but is disputed by Russia) or South Ossetia (which is …” „… recognised by Russia, but disputed by the Western Countries). In these situations the Court might nonetheless …”

Article 16. Deferral of investigation or prosecution S. 933-945

„… respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Charter, the General …” „… Assembly shall not make any recommendations with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security …”

Article 32. Mistake of fact or mistake of law S. 1382-1405

„… the required mental element for the offense. In practical terms, a legal dispute over whether a …” „… mistake of law is relevant or not will boil down to a dispute regarding the required mental element for …” „… . 44 Disputes in court were mainly limited to cases where ‘unusual’ crimes were prosecuted and …”

Article 65. Proceedings on an admission of guilt S. 1931-1949

„… the coercive character of a supposedly ‘voluntary’ settlement of a dispute between two parties.8 5 …” „… wisdom of the finding included in the ICTY Nikolic judgement appears to be beyond dispute: ‘the use of …”

Article 8. War crimes S. 317-686

Article 90. Competing requests S. 2510-2519

„… the Court. Not surprisingly, one of the central points of dispute was whether the requested State’s …”

Article 10 S. 756-785

„… crimes under international law;4 the mere fact that there was dispute over which of these crimes should …” „… resolve disputes between two of more possible interpretations of an ambiguous or imprecise legal rule …”

Article 69. Evidence S. 2037-2089

„… , even where there is no dispute between the parties. Rule 69 reflects the role of the Court in …” „… a particular case that should not really have been in dispute. However, in recognition of the role …” „… safeguards in the more restrictive rule meaningless.70 This same AC did not dispute that non-compliance with …”

Article 2. Relationship of the Court with the United Nations S. 26-49

„… Statute’s regime of settlement of disputes and amendment of the Statute (Part 13): ‘the treaty itself could …” „… also provide for a review or an amendment mechanism and provisions for the settlement of disputes …”

Article 12. Preconditions to the exercise of jurisdiction S. 805-834

„… , thereby recognising jurisdiction over the disputed territories. The ILC Special Rapporteur on the question …”

Article 15bis. Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (State referral, proprio motu) S. 899-927

„… among the most intricate and disputed ones. This lead to the solution now contained in Article 15bis (2 …”

Article 33. Superior orders and prescription of law S. 1405-1423

„… (international) criminal law.4 Nevertheless, the issue was highly disputed not only between the parties in these …”

Article 74. Requirements for the decision S. 2190-2240

„… most of them was not disputed. Nevertheless, in the interest of reaching a compromise over the adoption …” „… of the Statute, only the main issues were included in Article 74 and some of the disputed ones left …”

Article 81. Appeal against decision of acquittal or conviction or against sentence S. 2317-2367

Article 102. Use of terms S. 2697-2701

„… to nationals was disputed until the final days of the Rome Conf. A significant number of States,2 …”

Article 124. Transitional Provision S. 2905-2915

„… /> accessed 30 Sep. 2020; McKenzie, S., Disputed Territories and International Criminal Law, Israeli …”

Article 127. Withdrawal S. 2922-2926

„… disputed that, if authorized [and the Chamber did so authorize], an investigation into the situation in …”

Article 19. Challenges to the jurisdiction of the Court or the admissibility of a case S. 1033-1091

„… dispute has the legal burden of proof (onus probandi actori incumbit).63 Second, the entitled ‘Decision on …”

Article 21. Applicable law S. 1129-1149

„… exact translation for ‘gender’ in Arabic. See ‘Gender Dispute Haunts Rome Conference to the End’ (11 Jul …”

Article 98. Cooperation with respect to waiver of immunity and consent to surrender S. 2585-2672

Article 112. Assembly of States Parties S. 2767-2811

„… instance it has the competence to settle disputes between States Parties on the interpretation or …”

Article 57. Functions and powers of the Pre-Trial Chamber S. 1690-1710

„… , therefore, not an adequate procedural device during an investigation.85 Beyond this dispute, it is clear …”

Article 11. Jurisdiction ratione temporis S. 785-805

„… application’. The dispute between Judge Fernandez and the majority thus centres only on the appropriateness of …”

Article 14. Referral of a situation by a State Party S. 853-881

„… the act is performed by ex officio representatives who are presumed beyond all dispute under …”

Table of Cases S. 2931-3037

Article 7. Crimes against humanity S. 135-317

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