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Katja Langenbucher - Aktien- und Kapitalmarktrecht

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Katja Langenbucher

Aktien- und Kapitalmarktrecht

Series: Juristische Kurzlehrbücher

Volume 2021

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Sachverzeichnis S. 509-524

„… Governance-Regeln 1 16Corporate Governance Bericht 4 139Corporate Governance Kodex 1 38; 4 104, 135;12 98COVID-19 …” „… 33lock up 4 44London City Code on Takeovers 18 9long position 16 39loss aversion 1 36low ball offer …”

4. Abschnitt. Die Finanzverfassung S. 247-309

„… COVID-19-Krise durch Anpassungen am Verbriefungsrah-men zu unterstützen, ABl. EU L 116, 25.13 …” „… . Teil. Aktiengesellschaftsrecht254dem SanInsFoG50 in Reaktion auf die COVID-19-Pandemie eingefügte § 39 …” „… Überwindung des Prinzipal-Agent-Konflikts geleistet werden. ImRahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie haben derartige …”

2. Abschnitt. Das Marktverhaltensrecht S. 352-502

doi.org/10.17104/9783406769757

David Matusiewicz - Plattformen und Tech-Giganten

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David Matusiewicz (ed.)

Plattformen und Tech-Giganten

2023

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II Start-ups und internationale Tech-Giganten S. 95-164

„… milliardenfach zu COVID befragt: Wo finde ich einen COVID-Test? Ist es sicher, sich impfen zu lassen? Wo finde …” „… 2020). Ebenso hat Chinas Regierung seit der COVID-Pandemie die Entwicklung des Gesundheitswesens über …” „… die Verteilung von COVID-19-Impfstoffen zu Beginn des Jah-res 2021 zu nennen. Traditionelles …”

doi.org/10.32745/9783954667840

Klaus Lackhoff - Banking Supervision and COVID-19

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Klaus Lackhoff (ed.)

Banking Supervision and COVID-19

Series: Beck International

Volume 2021

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III. Upcoming challenges for the European banking industry in the long-run S. 203-216

„… credit performance following the COVID-19 outbreak and probably last in medium- and long-term. A key …” „… issues during the virus outbreak. In the long-term, COVID-19 should amplify this trend since income …” „… past.97 COVID-19 could drive more people to adopt digital payments, even in the long-term. 103 Once …”

IV. Macroeconomic forecasts S. 67-74

„… regulators in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The IASB encourages banks to follow the guidance of their …” „… forecasts of future 44 Prudential Regulatory Authority, Letter from Sam Woods Covid-19: IFRS 9 and capital …” „… https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/letter/2020/covid-19-ifrs-9-capital-requirements-further-guidance, p. 2. 45 IFRS 9 B5.5.4 and B5.5.6 …”

IV. Conclusion S. 216-219

„… In summary, this section underlines that in the long-term COVID-19 will accelerate existing trends in …” „… , even in the long-term. 122 In conclusion, the COVID-19 crisis leads to several challenges for European …” „… . In conclusion, banks may take COVID-19 as an opportunity to accelerate digitalization. However …”

I. Introduction S. 236-238

„… P. Remuneration* I. Introduction 1 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted …” „… potential impact of COVID- 19 on the EU banking sector. On 25 May 2020, the European Banking Authority (EBA …” „… strong capital and liquidity buffers, the COVID-19 crisis is expected to affect asset quality and, thus …”

III. National laws on suspending time-limits in supervisory procedures S. 89-94

„… measures in order to tackle the severe impact of COVID-19. Those measures do not only aim at preventing and …” „… not exist any longer, the full original period of time is available to the parties or authorities …” „… again (“Unterbrechung”). A suspension may, however, also mean 29 Art 16 of the 2nd Covid-19 Federal Law …”

II. Regulatory challenges for banks during the crisis S. 196-203

„… the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic impacts, as described in the previous section, pose in …” „… long-term (see section III). The Resulting short- and medium-term issues range from an increased number of …” „… 25a) Capital and Liquidity. On 12th of March – in response to COVID-19 – ECB announced several …”

III. COVID-19 driven supervisory measures taken by Banco de España S. 162-165

„… . COVID-19 driven supervisory measures taken by Banco de España 1. Banco de España applies the ECB …” „… the real economy, such as, those prompted by COVID-19 outbreak, in order to facilitate the economic …” „… of the COVID-19 outbreak of 30 March 2020 101On 30 March 2020, Banco de España issued a briefing note …”

I. Economic Background S. 193-196

„… COVID-19 crisis is unprecedented in many ways. From an economic and financial market perspective, it has …” „… . In addition to the immediate headwinds, we analyze in the last part the long-term challenges for the …” „… . Before the crisis, the assumption was that 160 countries would see positive growth.3 2. Impact of COVID …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Lackhoff A Handbook Banking Super vision and COVID-19 Lackhoff Banking Supervision and COVID-19 …” „… Banking Supervision and COVID-19 A Handbook edited by Klaus Lackhoff 2021 Published by Verlag C.H.Beck oHG …” „… COVID-19, 2021, Part [#], [#], mn. [#] www.beck.de ISBN Print 978 3 406 76241 3 (C.H.BECK) ISBN E-Book …”

III. Compatibility of public investment with State aid rules and conditionality S. 221-226

„… COVID-19 crisis, no schemes have been adopted to date at national level in Europe that aim to …” „… recapitalisation of banks, taking into consideration that the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic first and …” „… compatibility with the State aid rules during the COVID-19 crisis. 13The financial crisis of 2008 saw …”

IV. Conclusion S. 94-97

„… multitude of measures in order to tackle the shock in national economies caused by COVID-19, including …” „… waves of COVID-19 infections will hit the EU and cause further lockdowns, or at least slow-downs, which …” „… designed to bridge only a critical and limited period of time will no longer provide an adequate response …”

III. Compatibility of public investment with resolution regime S. 226-230

„… scenario”.40 Potential losses related to the mid- to long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic may …” „… persists, due to all commercial banks having access to a particular Member State COVID-19 aid scheme;29 or …” „… – Where a beneficiary is afforded a longer than normal grace period, or an extension of maturity on an …”

I. The Corona Crisis S. 1-2

„… PART 1 INTRODUCTION Banking Supervison and COVID-19: A Foreword1 The corona crisis is a true global …” „… crisis, or to be more precise the health, social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are …” „… the insight that the COVID-19 virus spreads easily, and in particular in case of close contact by …”

II. General principles S. 238-242

„… principles under German law. II. General principles 8 Before entering into a detailed analysis of COVID-19 …” „… long-term sustainability of banks’ business models. The bad practices highlighted in this respect included …” „… the long-term interests of the institutions. The 11 Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament …”

IV. Conclusion S. 165-167

„… the COVID- 19 pandemic will likely leave profound and long lasting effects on our economies which will …” „… reduction plans since the COVID-19 outbreak may affect institutions’ ability to meet their nonperforming …” „… minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL), in view of the impact of COVID-19 111 …”

V. Fungibility of resources and fragmentation of the playing field S. 172-175

„… reactions this coordinated approach may raise the overall effectiveness of COVID-19-related crisis measures …” „… buffers can lead to short term frictions and unintended long term consequences. 37 Key impediments for …” „… to the sudden and sharp impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, banks in particular have experienced steep …”

I. Executive summary S. 167-168

„… Institution* I. Executive summary 1COVID-19 has delivered the largest shock to the European economy since the …” „… Second World War, according to the World Bank, and the unprecedented nature of the COVID- 19 pandemic …” „… will likely leave profound and long lasting effects on our economies which will need to undertake …”

V. Possible amendments to remuneration systems in reaction to COVID-19 S. 250-252

„… performance, risk and remuneration.48 V. Possible amendments to remuneration systems in reaction to COVID-19 …” „… 57 When considering possible amendments to remuneration systems in reaction to COVID-19, one has to …” „… , any amendments proposed in reaction to COVID-19 may likewise be addressed on this occasion. 1 …”

VII. A possible way forward S. 177-179

„… measures on Less Significant Institutions (LSIs) during the COVID-19-crisis I. Introduction 1Not too long …” „… . central banks deposits and COVID-related loans); • a fresh look at the buffer framework with a view to …” „… Another element of the prudential framework which showed “pro-cyclical behavior” during COVID-19 was the …”

II. COVID-19 driven legislative measures implemented relevant for banks S. 149-162

„… II. COVID-19 driven legislative measures implemented relevant for banks 1. Suspension of …” „… /20/presbe2020_35en.pdf. K. Supervisory measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain …” „… COVID-19 (Royal Decree 11/2020) which provided for a suspension of the time limit for filing …”

II. Italy’s legislative provisions on banking supervision in response to the Corona crisis S. 131-135

„… legislative provisions on banking supervision in response to the Corona crisis 7In the aftermath of the COVID …” „… administration,7 contained some articles pertaining to State aid to banks affected by the COVID-19 emergency. 1 …” „… . Supervisory measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy Pala/Droghini 131 supervisory inspections …”

V. The legality of the PEPP S. 265-268

„… economic and fiscal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that, in view of the ECB, could jeopardise the …” „… affected by the COVID-19 crisis have risen continuously. In the days before the announcement of the PEPP …” „… the COVID-19 pandemic poses serious risks to price stability and the monetary policy transmission …”

I. Introduction S. 130-131

„… J. Supervisory measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy* I. Introduction 1 In order …” „… wide and long-lasting lockdown,1 because Italy was rapidly hit by the spread of the pandemic. 2 …” „… March 2020, Temporary Framework for State aid measures to support the economy in the current COVID-19 …”

II. Relations with the ACPR S. 100-104

„… most of the measures implemented to mitigate the COVID-19 effects are intending to ensure access to …” „… single page of its website all public statements made in the context of the COVID-19 crisis that might be …” „… https://acpr.banque-france.fr/communications-de-lacpr-dans-le-contexte-de-la-pandemie-covid-19. Part 3. The national perspective – Measures on the national level 100 Bonnard 7Indeed …”

I. The content of the Dividend Recommendation S. 40-43

„… application 1 The ECB issued a recommendation on dividend distributions during the COVID-19 pandemic first on …” „… COVID-19 pandemic3. The Recommendation comprises three recommendations for the time until 1 January …” „… during the COVID-19 pandemic and repealing Recommendation ECB/2020/1 (ECB/2020/19), OJ CI 102/1 of …”

I. Introduction S. 23-25

„… COVID-19 im Finanzsektor, WM 2020, p. 819, 826 et seq.; Busch, Is the European Union going to help us …” „… overcome the COVID-19 crisis?, EBI Working Paper Series 2020 – no. 64, p. 1, 15 et seq. Gortsos, The …” „… statement of 12 March 2020 on actions to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the EU banking sector, published …”

I. Introduction S. 179-180

„… the COVID-19-crisis I. Introduction 1Not too long ago speeches were delivered marking the “tenth …” „… economic and financil crisis in 2007 and the current crisis we are facing. The COVID-19-crisis is not …” „… prudential frameworks to facilitate EU bank lending, Supporting businesses and households amid COVID-19, COM …”

III. Overview of the individual changes pronounced for supervision S. 118-128

„… explicit reference to the COVID-19 pandemic in its reasoning, reduced from 0.25 % to zero.23 In addition …” „… declare that it considers the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing economic crisis as an instance of stress …” „… https://www.bundesbank.de/de/service/termine/covid-19-und-die-auswirkungen-auf-die-banken-in-deutschland-online-veranstaltung-629518. 26 This is a …”

IV. Implications for variable remuneration for performance in 2020 S. 243-250

„… background, whether a potential impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the institution’s financial and capital …” „… the impact of the COVID-19 crisis began to become noticeable in Germany. Depending on whether or not …” „… performance in 2020 30While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the bonus for the year 2019 might have been …”

VI. Excursus: Asset relief measures S. 231-236

„… COVID-19 related losses without triggering a “failing or likely to fail” determination as institutions …” „… will often have already incurred or will be likely to incur COVID-19 related losses in the near future …” „… turned into a bail-out in disguise” in the context of the COVID-19 crisis.42 Still, it will be critical …”

II. Analysis of the supervisory measures taken by the ECB S. 25-34

„… response to the COVID-19 pandemic, OJ L 204, 26.6.2020, p. 4. The ECB welcomed these amendments in its …” „… Opinion of 20 May 2020 on amendments to the Union prudential framework in response to the COVID-19 …” „… to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the EU banking sector, published on the EBA’s webpage at …”

III. Supervisory measures adopted by the Bank of Italy to confront the pandemic S. 135-145

„… the Council of 15 May 2014 (BRRD). J. Supervisory measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in …” „… of deadlines and other temporary measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the Italian banking …” „… /Deadlines-extension-COVID-19.pdf?language_id=1>. 29 EBA, press release of 12 March 2020, EBA statement on actions to …”

II. Description of the pre-existing (Capital Requirements Regulation) CRR regime and the Commission proposal for quick fixes S. 7-15

„… regulatory framework facilitates this, whilst * The views expressed are strictly personal. 1 Also COVID-19 …” „… amending Regulations (EU) No 575/2013 and (EU) 2019/876 as regards adjustments in response to the COVID-19 …” „… COVID-19, COM (2020) 169 final. Lefterov 7 ensuring that institutions act prudently5. The proposed …”

IV. Relevance of globally consistent measures from supervisors and policymakers S. 171-172

„… business model. 24For all COVID-19-related reporting requirements, as is the case for reporting …” „… a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates well the need for providing focused data and …” „… . Relevance of globally consistent measures from supervisors and policymakers 26The peculiarity of the COVID …”

III. Measures intending to promote the granting of loans to corporates S. 104-111

„… the most emblematic measures aiming at supporting the economy in the context of the COVID-19 crisis …” „… COVID-19 outbreak adopted on 19 March 2020.42 39 See decision no. D-HCSF-2020-2 dated 1 April 2020 …” „… sanitaire, Gaz. Pal. 9 june 2020, n° 379x9, p. 81 ; J. Lasserre-Capdeville, Covid-19: soutien et aides des …”

V. Conclusion S. 128-130

„… measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany Witte 129 J. Supervisory measures in response to …” „… the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy* I. Introduction 1 In order to contain the spread of coronavirus …” „… government, in particular, was one of the firsts to resort to a wide and long-lasting lockdown,1 because …”

II. Purposes pursued by the dividend recommendation S. 43-48

„… framework, which has moved more to payments in instruments and in the longer term, with deferrals over …” „… corporations amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19)related economic shock26. In turn, the conservation of …” „… environment of heightened uncertainty caused by COVID 19. For these reasons, the ECB has been of the view that …”

II. The broader context at a glimpse S. 2-3

„… the main driver of changes of longer duration and will create financial risks12. Man-induced climate …” „… https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/tourism-policy-responses-to-the-coronavirus-covid- 19-6466aa20/#:~:text=The%20coronavirus%20(COVID%2D19)%20pandemic%20has%20triggered%20an% 20 …” „… /EBF_Financing-Growth-Report_V3-2019.pdf. Banking Supervison and COVID-19: A Foreword Lackhoff 3 …”

II. Sources of administrative law establishing time-limits for ECB supervisory procedures S. 83-89

„… procedural time-limit, the material right may simply no longer be enforced vis-à-vis the authorities.4 8 …” „… procedures should not be longer than three months from the date of the party’s request or if it was initiated …” „… participating MS have taken various measures in order to tackle the severe impact of COVID-19. Those measures do …”

I. Introduction S. 114-115

„… H. Supervisory measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany* I. Introduction 1 A …” „… role under Article 6(5)(c) and (a) SSMR to regulate the exercise of such leeway, but as long as this …” „… COVID-19 pandemic in Germany Witte 115 …”

II. Legal nature of the announcements made by BaFin and Bundesbank S. 115-118

„… 6(5)(c) and (a) SSMR to regulate the exercise of such leeway, but as long as this does not occur …” „… COVID-19 pandemic in Germany Witte 115 taking of repayable funds (in particular deposits) and lending …” „… _marisk_Endfassung_2017_pdf_ba_en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5. H. Supervisory measures in response to the COVID-19 …”

V. Conclusions S. 190-193

„… to ensure that the current economic crisis triggered by COVID-19 will not be followed by a banking …” „… and market challenges for financial institutions I. Economic Background 1The COVID-19 crisis is …” „… . In addition to the immediate headwinds, we analyze in the last part the long-term challenges for the …”

III. Preliminary assessment of the supervisory measures taken by the ECB S. 34-38

„… www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu. This is in line with the EBA statement on additional supervisory measures in the COVID- 19 …” „… and as long as necessary, i.e. as long as the financial distress triggered by the corona crisis is …” „… and transparent manner, as this is necessary to monitor the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on the EU …”

IV. The ECB’s public sector purchase programmes in the courts S. 259-265

„… on the ECB’s own analysis of the relevant economic and financial parameters. As long as the measures …” „… exceptional cases be held until maturity. While the ECJ does not seem to consider this as mandatory as long as …” „… economic and fiscal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that, in view of the ECB, could jeopardise the …”

I. Introduction S. 269-272

„… the EU and thus violates the retained sovereign rights of the Federal Republic. Established in a long …” „… Bundesverfassungsgericht 4 In the midst of the COVID19-Crisis, the Bundesverfassungsgericht handed down the judgement of 5 …” „… necessary coordination with the ESCB, the Bundesverfassungsgericht ordered the Bundesbank to no longer …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406779282

Manfred G. Schmidt - Das politische System Deutschlands

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Manfred G. Schmidt

Das politische System Deutschlands

Series: C.H.Beck Paperback

Volume 1721 2021

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Kapitel 11: Außenpolitik: Vorfahrt für Handelsstaat und «Zivilmacht» S. 266-292

„… . 30 Berger 1998, Inglehart 1977, Long hurst 2004: 2 ff., 137 ff., Schlotter 1999. 275 3 . Eine neue …” „… der EU. (Dabei galt als kritische Grenze hauptsächlich mindestens 50 Covid19- Neuinfektionen pro 100 …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406768934

Markus Thomas Münter - Wettbewerb und Unternehmensstrategie

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Markus Thomas Münter

Wettbewerb und Unternehmensstrategie

2022

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1 Unternehmensstrategie und Wettbewerbsumfeld S. 11-73

„… Pandemien (wie Covid-19), Fi-nanzkrisen (wie die Banken- und Staatsschuldenkrise beginnend 2007) oder …”

doi.org/10.24053/9783739881928-0

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