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Wolfgang Kahl, Marc-Philippe Weller - Climate Change Litigation

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Wolfgang Kahl (ed.), Marc-Philippe Weller (ed.)

Climate Change Litigation

Series: Beck International

Volume 2021

Results in this title

Index S. 561-566

„… ., 42 Italy P 1 et seq. J Joint action F 30 Judicial remedies K 9, 11, 24, 45–46, 49 Judicial review L …” „… corporations F 9. State’s misconduct Q 21 et seq. Statute of limitations A 6 Stock corporation V 1, 5, 11 et …” „… 3, 37 Brazilian Constitution M 11 Brazilian Forest Code M 39 Brazilian Government M 13 et seq …”

I. Introduction S. 469-470

„… Times, 26 April 2019, available at: https://www.ft.com/content/68c0ca92-6867-11e9-9adc-98bf1d35a056 …” „… 2019, available at: https://631nj1ki9k11gbkhx39b3 …” „… 2019, available at: https://www.ft.com/content/4578b326-e38f-11e9-9743-db5a370481bc; Department for …”

III. Formal role of NGO’s in climate litigation against the state S. 516-525

„… directly only the adoption of the climate change programme according to § 9 Climate Protection Act as …” „… matters.61 Art. 9 of the AC is relevant in this respect. This distinguishes between access to justice – in …” „… matters concerning access to environmental information (Art. 9.1 AC) – matters relating to the legality of …”

IV. Conclusion and prospects S. 464-466

„… Times, 26 April 2019, available at: https://www.ft.com/content/68c0ca92-6867-11e9-9adc-98bf1d35a056 …” „… 2019, available at: https://631nj1ki9k11gbkhx39b3 …” „… 2019, available at: https://www.ft.com/content/4578b326-e38f-11e9-9743-db5a370481bc; Department for …”

IV. Legal effects S. 502-505

„… publication 16/3806, supra (fn. 11), 24. 81 Bundestag publication 16/3806, supra (fn. 11), 23 et seq. 82 …” „… Bundestag publication 16/3806, supra (fn. 11), 23. 83 Bundestag publication 16/3806, supra (fn. 11), 24 …” „… can use legal remedies under § 11 para. 2 EDA can also demand that the authority should take action …”

II. Climate change law and litigation in Brazil S. 274-279

„… 9 In such context, it is important to note that according to the report, The Status of Climate …” „… climate change. 11 The issues mentioned here will be critically dealt with in this chapter, having as …” „… (vegetation of the Brazilian interior), important biomass in Brazil.9 13 In 2016, Brazil’s emissions of …”

II. Basic principles of the UmweltHG S. 431-433

„… of this precondition, the UmweltHG takes measures towards environmental preventive care.9 In its …” „… Kommentar zum BGB, 7th ed., 2017, BGB § 823 mn. 884, Chatzinerantzis/ Herz, NJOZ 2010, 594. 9 BT‐Drs …” „… . 11/7104, 1. 10 Rehbinder in: Landmann/Rohmer (eds.), Umweltrecht § 1 UmweltHG mn. 17; Nitsch in: BeckOGK …”

II. Greenhouse gas reduction obligations of EU Member States under EU law S. 219-221

„… https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en (visited 2.11.2019). 9 https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en (visited 22.12.2019). 10 Council …” „… , the ETS-system covers about 45 % of EU greenhouse gas-emissions and comprises “more than 11,000 heavy …” „… . The default mechanism for emissions allocation shifted from grandfathering to auctioning.9 6The …”

I. Introduction S. 272-274

„… jSMxzW0hyaEE MvW7lEabIu70lX3vmKOGJUOST2XqaPDIyy9USKXjA (accessed on: 1/11/2019); Davenport/Pierre-Louis …” „… https:// www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-49256294 (accessed on: 1/11/2019); Chiaretti, Retrocesso …” „… https://www.valor.com.br/brasil/5647915/ retrocesso-ambiental-pode-custar-us-5-tri-ao-brasil-ate-2050-diz-estudo?fbclid=IwAR1Cx9 …”

I. Introduction S. 218-219

„… hosted by the United Nations Secretary General in New York, 11.9.2019, COM(2019) 412 final, 5. 2 …” „… https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en (visited 2.11.2019). 9 https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en (visited 22.12.2019). 10 Council …” „… Court Orders Dutch State to Accelerate Climate Change Mitigation, Eur. L. Blog, 9 January 2019 …”

II. International policy & treaty commitments to climate justice & investment in carbon neutral/negative sustainable development S. 169-173

„… objectives.9 For instance, at the 46th session of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI), India, one of …” „… Cambridge, in 2018. 9 Weikmans/Timmons Roberts, Pocket Guide to Transparency under the UNFCC, (2017 …” „… working with local governments and the private sector, including investors.11 6 On transparency actions …”

II. Constitutional foundations S. 83-85

„… .11 9 In thirteen member states of the European Union the national constitutions state a right of …” „… , Art. 54 Constitution of Lithuania, Art. 11bis Constitution of Luxembourg, Art. 9 para. 2 Constitution …” „… doubt that this also includes the protection of the climate against global warming.9 There is much …”

I. Introduction S. 306-308

„… a Legal Defence, The Guardian, October 9, 2008. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/sep/ 11 …” „… Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government & Ors [2018] EWCA Civ 9; R (London Borough of …” „… Local Interests?, Climate Law, Vol. 6, No. 3–4, October 11, 2016, 336–352; Kaminskaite-Salters, Climate …”

I. Introduction S. 380-382

„… . Geburtstag, C.H. Beck 2014, p. 9; Bamberger/Roth/Hau/Poseck (eds.), Beck‘scher Online-Kommentar, 52nd ed …” „… Environment 41 (2007), no. 11, 2355; Dörner, in: Saenger (ed.), Zivilprozessordnung, 8th ed., Nomos 2019 …” „… law applicable to cross-border damage to the environment, YbPIL 9 (2007), 71; Keeling, R.F./Keeling …”

IV. International jurisdiction of national courts S. 387-392

„… statement of claim from 23.11.2015, 18, available at https://germanwatch.org/de/14198 (last consulted on …” „… 24.10.2005 – II ZR 329/03, NJW 2006, 689; BGH, judgment of 18.7.2008 – V ZR 11/08, NJW 2008, 3502; Stadler …” „… Lehmann/Eichel, RabelsZ 83 (2019), 77 (90); Kropholler/v. Hein, Europäisches Zivilprozessrecht, 9th ed., 2011 …”

I. Introduction S. 120-123

„… bb) Claims against state-owned corporations................................. 9 2. “Political question …” „… ................................................................................................ ....... 11 1. Introduction …” „… ................................................................................................ . 11 a) Meaning and relevance of international jurisdiction.................... 11 b) Connection with …”

V. Applicable law S. 392-398

„… , art. 7 Rome II, mns. 11 et seq.; Thorn, in: Palandt, art. 7 Rome II, mn. 2; Wagner, IPRax 2008, 1 (9 …” „… choice of law, the law applicable to torts must be determined objectively according to arts 4‐9 Rome II …” „… applicable to non-contractual obligations (“Rome II”) of 11.7.2007. Contractual claims are not typically …”

I. Introduction S. 450-452

„… ................................................................................................ . 9 III. Climate protection and current corporate law......................................... 11 1 …” „… die Gesellschaften mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbHG), 9th ed., commentary, C.H. Beck 2019; Arnold …” „… 6.9.1965 (Bundesgesetzbl. I S. 1089) und des Einführungsgesetzes zum Aktiengesetz vom 6.9 …”

II. Random sampling: Lliuya v. RWE – approaching liabilities for climate damages inductively S. 23-26

„… ’ – supplemented by the notion of ‘ecological justice’ (infra mns 11 et seq.). Given their awareness of …” „… been 5 LG Essen, Judgement of 15.12.2016, 2 O 285, NVwZ 2017, 734. 6 OLG Hamm, Decision of 30.11 …” „… Cf OLG Hamm, Decision of 30.11.2017, I-5 U 15/17, ZUR 2018, 118. 8 Burgi, in …”

III. Why is investor-led action needed? S. 471-475

„… also as one of the greatest investment opportunities of our time.9 Climate action can be a source of …” „… risk as well as related liabilities and opportunities.11 Accordingly, there is much more to be done for …” „… policy-making activities of the governments remain dramatically insufficient.17 9 Thorpe, Investor: Climate …”

VI. Liability under German law S. 398-403

„… environment as such are not protected, cf Kohler, in: Staudinger BGB, Sec. 1 UmweltHG, mn. 11; Nitsch, in …” „… 27, 137, 140; Sprau, in: Palandt Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, 78th ed., 2019, Sec. 823 BGB, mn. 2, 11 …” „… Chatzinerantzis/Herz, NJOZ 2010, 594 (595). 175 Hager, in: Staudinger BGB, rev. ed., 2017, Sec. 823 BGB, mn. A 9; on …”

II. Notion – environmental liability – what does it mean and what is the purpose in the context of a liability regime? S. 151-152

„… value.11 9There is, due to the uncertainty concerning the definition of the term ‘international …” „… Draft Principles9 follows a broad approach, which, however, does not enjoy universal recognition. It …” „… : Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Oxford, 2012, vol. IX, 188‐192. 9 See fn. 7 above …”

IV. Innovations in investment law & policy related to clean energy, climate change and sustainable development S. 182-196

„… https://seors.unfccc.int/ applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=K9JC4S8GIKKWJNR3EO6RGA80O707I0FP, accessed 20 …” „… https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=UDJXHXY1E0TV9RU7N384W7G9DM51P53B, accessed 20 March 2020. Part 3. State liability under international and …” „… 24(9)(2), the States commit, consistent with their international obligations to ‘pay special attention to …”

II. Climate change litigation in public law S. 338-346

„… .” 9The so-called “Affaire du Siècle” (“The Case of the Century”), where four non-profits sued the …” „… Code of Administrative Justice, art. L. 911-2. 9 Cf Cournil/Le Dylio/Mougeolle, L’affaire du siècle …” „… wrongdoings. 2. Injury 11 The conditions for successful objective litigation seem less demanding, since …”

I. Introduction S. 150-151

„… whether to include also objects of archaeological or historical value.11 9There is, due to the uncertainty …” „… ................................................................................................ ............... 11 1. Introduction – first jurisprudence …” „… .......................................................... 11 2. Development of the treaty law on civil liability .................................. 13 3 …”

I. Introduction S. 199-200

„… ”. 9 PA, Art. 3. 10 KP, Art. 3. 11 On the background to the Paris Agreement cf Bulmer/Doelle/Klein, in …” „… Judges Make Climate Change Law?, 9 Transnational Environmental Law 55 (2020); Burkett, Loss and Damage, 4 …” „… Comparative Approach, 9 Transnational Environmental Law 37 (2020); Savaresi, Human Rights and Climate Change …”

III. Climate protection and current corporate law S. 455-464

„… stock corporation law 11a) Independent management as point of departure. Under § 76 (1) AktG, the …” „… et seq. 48 Reasons, government draft UMAG Bundestag publication 15/5092, 11; cf. also Bicker, AG 2014 …” „… , 8 (9); Spindler, in: Münchener Kommentar AktG, 5th ed., 2019, § 93, mn. 88. V. Climate protection …”

II. Climate law and governance in Canada S. 255-258

„… disparities in the carbon intensity of provincial economies9 and has led some provinces to oppose ambitious …” „… jurisdiction between the federal and provincial governments,11 the federal and provincial governments have …” „… (A). 9 While the emissions of most of Canada’s provinces fall within 10–20 tonnes CO2e per capita …”

II. Historical development and state of recognition S. 46-48

„… Directive (Art. 1).7 The Water Framework Directive (Art. 9)8 may be relevant for adaptation to climate …” „… damage. The Emission Trading Directive9 which only incorporates the PPP is the most relevant directive …” „… field of water policy, OJ 2000 L 327/1. 9 Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and the …”

II. Climate change arrived in the investment community S. 470-471

„… also as one of the greatest investment opportunities of our time.9 Climate action can be a source of …” „… risk as well as related liabilities and opportunities.11 Accordingly, there is much more to be done for …” „… policy-making activities of the governments remain dramatically insufficient.17 9 Thorpe, Investor: Climate …”

I. Introduction: the judicialization of climate change governance S. 64-66

„… Tackling Climate Change, 28 J. Envtl. L. 11 (2016); Preston, The Influence of Climate Change Litigation on …” „… Boundaries, 9 Climate Law 244 (2019); Schoukens, Access to Justice before the EU Courts in Environmental …” „… ......................................................................... 11 b) Mitigation regulation …”

I. Introduction: global warming’s spatiotemporal strangeness – “tricky” to imagine S. 23

„… 2011; Gosseries, Historical Emissions and Free‐ Riding, 11 Ethical perspectives, 36 (2004); Hahn …” „… Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 11 Ethical Perspectives 20 (2004); Morton, The Ecological Thought, Harvard …” „… ; Smale et al., Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services, 9 …”

V. Conclusion S. 269-271

„… 9USKXjA (accessed on: 1/11/2019); Davenport/Pierre-Louis, U.S. Climate Report Warns of Damaged …” „… -49256294 (accessed on: 1/11/2019); Chiaretti, Retrocesso Ambiental pode custar 5 trilhões ao Brasil até …” „… / retrocesso-ambiental-pode-custar-us-5-tri-ao-brasil-ate-2050-diz-estudo?fbclid=IwAR1Cx9jSMxzW0hyaEE MvW7lEabIu70lX3vmKOGJUOST2XqaPDIyy …”

I. Introduction S. 535-537

„… : https://www.faz.net/-iu4-9x5kg (last consulted on 7.3.2020). Cf on the current climate protection goals at the …” „… too long and lack far too much ambition to bring about a fundamental political transformation9 of the …” „… mortality for humans.11 Consequently, this is a key question of generational equality12 and fair ecological …”

III. Arbitration proceedings S. 100-105

„… the result. 5. Climate finance disputes 9 Transforming the economy and improving climate protection …” „… option for the resolution of these disputes. III. Arbitration proceedings 11 In disputes, parties are …” „… . This right is a direct expression of the principle of private autonomy.9 2. Enforceability 15If …”

I. Introduction S. 509-513

„… ?, DStR 2019, 1497 et seq.; Kahl/Gärditz, Umweltrecht, 11th ed., C.H. Beck 2019; Klinger, Anmerkung zu …” „… which also influence the development of environmental policy and environmental law.9 Their significance …” „… ) should not be underestimated.11 5 For several decades, the commitment of various NGOs has focused on …”

II. Analysis: structures of judicial involvement in climate protection S. 66-72

„… of future generations.11 3 These cases, which are preceded and accompanied by countless other …” „… May 2019, Carvalho et al. v. European Parliament and Council. 11 Supreme Court of Colombia, Judgment …” „… Savaresi/Auz, supra (fn. 9), 246; for a more complex typology Ghaleigh, Climate Law 1 (2010), 31; for an …”

V. Perspective climate litigation to enforce climate law S. 525-530

„… , judgement of 11.7.2019, 9 A 13/18, juris, mn. 75. Part 5. Liability for climate damages – Germany as an …” „… the “Law on the Paris Convention of 12.12.2015” of 28.9.2016, BGBl. Part II, 2016, No. 26 of …” „… for achieving these goals is Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of 11.12.2018 on the governance system for the …”

I. Introduction S. 168-169

„… Conference in Bonn, November 2017, https://www.c2es.org/site/assets/uploads/2017/11 …” „… -clientearth-briefing-ostroleka-c-energa-and-enea-board-members-fiduciary-duties-to-the-companies-and-shareholders-ce-en.pdf; Peel, Issues in Climate Change Litigation, Carbon & Climate Review 5, 2011, p. 11 et seq …” „… Surface; Potential Liability For All Pending Claims Now Exceeds $9.5 Billion, Investment Arbitration …”

VI. Conclusion S. 530-535

„… , judgement of 11.7.2019, 9 A 13/18, juris, mn. 75. Part 5. Liability for climate damages – Germany as an …” „… , Recueil des cours 397 (2019), 9 et seq.; d’Avout/Bollée, Panorama de droit du commerce international (août …” „… Change, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 2018, 1 et seq.; Graf Kielmansegg, FAZ v. 16.9.2019, 6; Graser …”

I. Introduction S. 254-255

„… .................................................................................. 11 1. Syncrude Canada Ltd. v. The Attorney General of Canada............. 11 2. The GHG pollution …” „… disparities in the carbon intensity of provincial economies9 and has led some provinces to oppose ambitious …” „… jurisdiction between the federal and provincial governments,11 the federal and provincial governments have …”

II. Jurisdictional issues S. 238-244

„… 732 F.2d 1131 (9th Cir. 2013), rehearing in banc denied, 741 F.3d 1075 (2014). 11 905 F3d 565 (9th Cir …” „… , the number would be around 725. 3 Id. at 15. 4 Adelman/Glicksman, Arizona St. L.J., 8–9. 5 Weaver and …” „… seemed the most novel, though it did have some historical antecedents.8 9The Court then turned to the …”

I. Introduction S. 82-83

„… future climate litigation, Journal of Human Rights and the Environment Vol. 9 (2018), 194; Bates, The …” „… and Practice, Human Rights & International Legal Discourse Vol. 1 (2007), 9; Sicilianos, Preventing …” „… ...................................................................... 11 III. The Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights .............. 13 1. The protection …”

IV. Time for investor-led action S. 475-477

„… Owner Alliance, 9 March 2020. 49 E.g. 20 leading venture capital firms established the ‘leaders for …” „… investors network Divest Invest stated that, starting in 2012, over 1,100 institutions with more than USD 11 …” „… sustainability-linked loans, FT, 27 January 2020, 11. 54 Meck, Goldman Sachs-Chef Fink: Klimaschutz ist hochprofitabel …”

III. EU Member State liability within the non-ETS sector: the obligation to purchase surplus allocations from other Member States as financial sanction S. 221-223

„… ensure investment certainty”.22 11In 2018/2019 the EU’s climate change reduction targets have been …” „… average (Article 11). 14The purchase of surplus emission allocations is intended as an ultima ratio in …” „… under Regulation 2018/842/EU (Article 9). 16 Because of the legal design of the liability mechanism …”

V. Damages subject to the UmweltHG S. 435-437

„… UmweltHG mn. 42 et seq. 26 BT‐Drs. 11/7104, 16. 27 Spickhoff/Riedhammer in: Soergel (ed.), § 3 UmweltHG mn …” „… . 11. 28 Kohler in: Staudinger (ed.), § 1 UmweltHG mn. 6; Landsberg/Lülling, § 1 UmweltHG mn. 17. 29 …” „… impairment of the intended use and the ecological functionality of an object.41 30 BT‐Drs. 11/7104, 17 …”

III. Legal nature S. 48-51

„… Rica and – based on judicial development of the law – India.11 South Africa and the Canadian Province …” „… and distinguish it from a rule. These criteria are not uncontroversial and make the 11 Japan: Law on …” „… Schwartz, Principles p. 264; furthermore Indian Supreme Court (fn. 11). Part 1. Fundamental questions 48 …”

II. Challenges (and possibilities) for global governance and international law S. 3-7

„… ambition of parties’ NDCs is the Agreement’s very raison d’être. 9 Ibid 6. 10 IPCC 2018, 15. 11 IPCC 2019b …” „… is being emitted. 9 However, it stresses that this can only be achieved through transformative change …” „… , including paradigms, goals and values.9 The IPCC specifies that these systems transitions are unprecedented …”

VI. Summary S. 118-119

„… bb) Claims against state-owned corporations................................. 9 2. “Political question …” „… ................................................................................................ ....... 11 1. Introduction …” „… ................................................................................................ . 11 a) Meaning and relevance of international jurisdiction.................... 11 b) Connection with …”

5. United Kingdom S. 545-546

„… Litigation, A paper presented to: Judicial Conference of Australia Colloquium, 11 October 2008, 2 et seq …” „… . 112 Section 1(1) Climate Change Act 2008. 113 Plan B Earth and Others v Secretary of State for …” „… Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy [2018] EWHC 1892 (Admin) (Plan B v BEIS). 114 Ohdedar/McNab, mns 9 …”

3. The role of the legislature and the judiciary S. 538-539

„… . 6. Part 6. Conclusions 538 Kahl/Weller 9To date, the majority of court decisions dealing with …” „… actors or natural catastrophes.40 11So far, the courts have passed rather restrained judgments. First of …” „… , mn. 11. 33 Payandeh, mn. 12. 34 Payandeh, mn. 13. 35 Payandeh, mn. 14. 36 Payandeh, mn. 15. 37 Gross …”

4. Duties of protection S. 539-540

„… 9To date, the majority of court decisions dealing with climate change have been issued by national …” „… 11So far, the courts have passed rather restrained judgments. First of all, as a rule, there are …” „… beyond its borders, even if they are dismissed.44 32 Payandeh, mn. 11. 33 Payandeh, mn. 12. 34 Payandeh …”

II. The concept of environmental damage S. 489-496

„… Framework Directive (‘WFD’)9.10 After all, with § 2 no. 1 b) EDA in conjunction with § 90 WHG, the …” „… legislature wanted to implement art. 2 no. 1 b) i) ELD, which in turn refers to the WFD.11 As a result, it …” „… 2009 (Federal Law Gazette I. 2585). 8 Exceptions apply under § 90 para. 1 2nd alternative WHG. 9 …”

I. Introduction S. 98-99

„… litigation, Heinrich Böll Stiftung & Climate Justice Programme 2016, https:// www.boell.de/en/2016/11 …” „… ........................................................................... 9 6. Corporate disputes …” „… ................................................................................. 11 1. Arbitration law …”

II. The scientific bases of climate change S. 382-386

„… means of an individual case (strategic litigation).11 What is more, this attempt to guide others …” „… not linear and typically affects all parts of the system. 11 Cf the ECCHR’s definition of strategic …” „… – National reports 382 Weller/Nasse/Nasse 2. Greenhouse effect and greenhouse gases 9The atmosphere and its …”

III. Climate change litigation guiding investment risk assessment & decision-making S. 173-182

„… warming above pre-industrial levels by the end of the century. 9As an additional note, the International …” „… . Climate change litigation guiding investment risk assessment & decision-making 11Of potential relevance to …” „… Litigation, http://climatecasechart.com/ (accessed 11 March 2020). 46 Miles/Swan, 11(2) Dispute Resolution …”

5. Conclusion S. 558-561

„… Higher Regional Court of Hamm, see OLG Hamm, decision of 30.11.2017 – I-5 U 15/17, ZUR 2018, 118 …” „… 3, 37 Brazilian Constitution M 11 Brazilian Forest Code M 39 Brazilian Government M 13 et seq …” „… ., 19 et seq., 24 et seq., 32 et seq., 41 et seq., 47 et seq. Class action L 47 et seq. ClientEarth C 11 …”

V. Liability of EU Member States under Francovich doctrine? S. 224-236

„… assessment for a wind farm. Emphasizing the long time span of 11 years of non-compliance, in November 2019 …” „… final, 10. 46 European Commission, EU ETS Handbook, 2015, 11. 47 …” „… https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/effort/framework_en (visited 3 November 2019). 48 ECJ Cases C-6/90 and 9/90 Andrea Francovich and Danila Bonifaci and …”

II. The perspective of economic analysis and legal functionalism S. 452-455

„… good in climate protection when making company decisions?11 3. Delimiting the object of study 5 The …” „… prevention. If market 11 In detail on the responsibility for the public good in corporate law Habersack, AcP …” „… Gesellschaften mit beschränkter Haftung, GmbHG), 9th ed., 2019, § 37, mns 3 et seq. 13 Flume, Allgemeiner Teil …”

IV. The legal problems of positive obligations S. 88-95

„… & International Legal Discourse Vol. 1 (2007), 9. 44 The landmark case on the duty to protect against aircraft …” „… senior women’s case for future climate litigation, Journal of Human Rights and the Environment Vol. 9 …” „… no. C/09/456689, Judgement 9 October 2018, mn. 37; English translation available at …”

4. Australia S. 544-545

„… , mns 1 et seq. 94 Jodoin/McGinn, mns 11 et seq. 95 Cf Environnement Jeunesse c Procureur général du …” „… , Climate Change Litigation, A paper presented to: Judicial Conference of Australia Colloquium, 11 October …” „… % 202008.pdf (last consulted on 1.4.2020). 111 Ohdedar/McNab, mns 7 et seq. 112 Section 1(1) Climate Change …”

VI. Environmental impact S. 437-439

„… . 9; Nitsch in: BeckOGK, § 3 UmweltHG mn. 10. 52 Rehbinder in: Landmann/Rohmer (eds.), § 3 UmweltHG mn …” „… . 3, 9; Nitsch in: BeckOGK, § 3 UmweltHG mn. 10. U. Liability for climate change damages under the …” „… ; Nitsch in: BeckOGK, § 3 UmweltHG mn. 10. 54 BT‐Drs. 11/7104, 17. 55 Rehbinder in: Landmann/Rohmer (eds …”

IV. Financial sanctions within the infringement procedure as liability mechanism S. 223-224

„… ed., 2015, 455. 33 ECJ Case 247/87 Star Fruit/Commission [1989] ECLI:EU:C:1989:58, mn. 11; ECJ Case …” „… assessment for a wind farm. Emphasizing the long time span of 11 years of non-compliance, in November 2019 …” „… final, 10. 46 European Commission, EU ETS Handbook, 2015, 11. 47 …”

II. A prominent case in German courts: Saúl Ananías Luciano Lliuya vs. RWE AG S. 410-412

„… Zukunftsfähigkeit.9 23 The LG Essen, on 15 December 2015, handed down a judgment dismissing the claim in its …” „… can be found on the website of Germanwatch: https://www.germanwatch.org/de/14198. 9 See …” „… , had the respondent not caused the emissions.”11 24Against this judgment the claimant appealed to the …”

II. Regulatory and planning framework on climate change in Italy S. 325-329

„… Italian National Energy Strategy – NES9 adopted in 2017, Italy was initially committed to reaching the …” „… clean-energy technologies to reach € 444 million in 2021. 9 On the emission front, in accordance with EU laws …” „… uncertainty are hampering the renewable energy sector”. 11 These and other criticisms led the Italian …”

V. Conclusion S. 505-507

„… was no liability.97 § 9 para. 1 cl. 2 EDA also leaves the regulation of such reimbursement claims to …” „… held to account (§ 9 II 1 EDA). The provision implies that the competent authority can claim the full …” „… predominantly caused by one or the other part (§ 9 para. 2 cl. 2 EDA). These questions of private law are …”

V. What can investor-led action achieve? S. 477-486

„… Season Review, August 2019, 9. According to W. Investor-led action for climate and business …” „… meeting on 11 February 2020, The Association of Ethical Shareholders Germany (Kritische Aktionäre) has …” „… ?, FAZ, 30 November 2018, 9. 116 EC, White Paper: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area Towards a …”

V. Law of nuisance S. 423-427

„… global. Efforts at reducing the quantity of carbon 85 OLG Düsseldorf, 09.7.2012 – I-9 U 138/11, BauR 2012 …” „… , 24.11.1967, V ZR 196/65. Part 5. Liability for climate damages – Germany as an international pioneer? 424 …” „… terminated the use of fossil fuels altogether, this would not eliminate the alleged 76 BGH, 17.9.2004, V ZR …”

V. Conclusion: potential and limitations of judicial climate protection S. 80-81

„… . 38), 221‐265, 309, 314; Meltz, supra (fn. 29), 34. 125 Savaresi/Auz, supra (fn. 9), 261; sceptical …” „… and the Environment Vol. 9 (2018), 194; Bates, The Evolution of the European Convention on Human …” „… and Practice, Human Rights & International Legal Discourse Vol. 1 (2007), 9; Sicilianos, Preventing …”

II. The Urgenda case S. 365-372

„… climate science and international climate policy, such as Report IPCC 4 (see below). 9Urgenda based its …” „… against this real threat.7 11 The Court of Appeal ruled that the emissions reduction of at least 25 % by …” „… fabric.9 Referring to the ruling of the Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court considered that there was “a …”

IV. Choice of Law S. 138-149

„… rise to damage which occur after its entry into force”, which was on 11 January 2009.122 The time at …” „… .; Halfmeier, in: Calliess (ed.), Rome Regulations, 2nd ed., 2015, Article 3 Rome II, mn. 11 et seq. 122 ECJ …” „… 7 Rome II, mn. 9; von Plehwe, in: Hüßtege/ Mansel (eds.), Nomos Kommentar-BGB, 3rd ed., 2019, Art. 7 …”

III. Development of a regime on environmental liability: From liability for transboundary harm to genuine international environmental liability S. 152-161

„… transboundary harm to genuine international environmental liability 1. Introduction – first jurisprudence 11 …” „… Draft Principles with Commentaries 127–28, para. 11 (fn. 7 above). 13 Principle 2 (a) (ii) (see fn. 7 …” „… (3). 37 Article 2 in connection with article 5. 38 Article 11. G. Environmental liability in …”

VII. Causation S. 439-445

„… Schadensverursachung, 1964, 78 et seq. 87 Wagner in: MüKo BGB § 830 mn. 66, 77 et seq. 88 BT‐Drs. 11/7104, 19. 89 …” „… BT‐Drs. 11/7881, 29. Part 5. Liability for climate damages – Germany as an international pioneer? 440 …” „… (LuftVG) 10.05.2007, BGBl. 2007 I 698. 93 BT‐Drs. 11/7104, 25. 94 BT‐Drs. 11/7104, 31. 95 Gesetz über die …”

III. Responsible party S. 496-502

„… publication 16/3806, supra (fn. 11), 21 also Beckmann/Wittmann, supra (fn. 10), § 2 EDA mns 34 et seq.; Keich …” „… law Mühl/Fischer, in: Möstl/Mühl (eds.), BeckOK Polizei- und Ordnungsrecht Hessen, 9th ed. 2017, § 6 …” „… , supra (fn. 11), 21. 55 Mühl/Fischer, supra (fn. 51), § 6 HSOG mn. 21. 56 Schenke, Polizei- und …”

IV. Conclusions S. 377-378

„… 2014, p. 9; Bamberger/Roth/Hau/Poseck (eds.), Beck‘scher Online-Kommentar, 52nd ed., C.H. Beck 2019 …” „… Environment 41 (2007), no. 11, 2355; Dörner, in: Saenger (ed.), Zivilprozessordnung, 8th ed., Nomos 2019 …” „… law applicable to cross-border damage to the environment, YbPIL 9 (2007), 71; Keeling, R.F./Keeling …”

II. Climate change through the environmental impact assessment process S. 290-299

„… Wales called Anvil Hill. The proponent prepared an environ- 9 (1995) 86 LGERA 143. 10 Ibid., 145. 11 …” „… climate change cases in Australia was Greenpeace Australia Ltd v Redbank Power Company Pty Ltd.9 A local …” „… emissions, and would therefore increase the greenhouse effect.11 However, the Court concluded that there was …”

II. Litigating climate targets: holding the government to account S. 308-311

„… target 9 Plan B’s case focussed on the state’s obligations to update the climate mitigation goal under …” „… B v BEIS”). 18 Section 1(1) Climate Change Act 2008. Part 4. Climate change litigation – National …” „… Committee, that the Claimant’s challenged in Court. 11The Claimants presented five grounds in their claim to …”

II. State immunity and “political question doctrine” S. 123-125

„… draft Art. 9). But as the law currently stands, there is no general international legal instrument or …” „… , 8 and 9 of the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property …” „… effect in the United States.”24 9 bb) Claims against state-owned corporations. Furthermore, emissions …”

VII. Summary S. 403-405

„… , Klimahaftungsrecht, 434 et seq. 214 OLG Hamm, decision of 30.11.2017 – I-5 U 15/17, ZUR 2018, 118. 215 OLG Hamm …” „… 27.9.2019). 216 Thus also Hanschel, in: German National Reports, 635 (653); Pöttker, Klimahaftungsrecht, 444 …” „… ......................................................................................... 9 3. Nuisance law …”

IV. Evaluation: the legitimate functions of courts in climate protection S. 76-80

„… , JEEPL 12 (2015), 241 (245‐248); Wegener, ZUR 2019, 3 (10‐11); Zahar, International Climate Change Law …” „… corporate practices, litigants can also intent to 113 Wegener, supra (fn. 100), 11‐12. 114 See, e.g., Posner …” „… Bogdandy/Venzke, supra (fn. 104), 14‐17. 122 Preston, J. Envtl. L. 28 (2016), 11 (13); Sands, supra (fn. 13), 26 …”

III. The law of delict S. 412-423

„… , Climate Change 2013, Chapter 11, 953 et seq.; Posner/ Weisbach, supra (fn. 18), 109 et seq. 22 On climate …” „… . 109 et seq. 33 BGH, 19.11.1971, V ZR 100/69, NJW 1972, 195. 34 In the RWE-Case (see II.) the claimant …” „… Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch, 13th ed. 2014, BGB before § 249 mn. 142. 44 RG, 9.12.1907, IV 202/07, JW 1908, 41 (42 …”

IV. Local court cases that are relevant to climate change litigation in Italy S. 333-335

„… , UNESA (C-80/18 to C-83/18) ECLI:EU:C:2019:934; Italian Constitutional Court, Decision no. 85 of 9 May …” „… December 2012, Commission/Italy (C-68/11) ECLI:EU:C:2012:815; ECJ Judgment of 10 September 2015, Nannoka …” „… Vulcanus Industries (C- 81/14) ECLI:EU:C:2015:575; Italian Constitutional Court, Decisions no. 85 of 9 May …”

V. Potential role for litigation in national courts S. 17-21

„… of Climate Change, Oxford University Press 2011; Gosseries, Historical Emissions and Free‐ Riding, 11 …” „… Wrongless Historical Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 11 Ethical Perspectives 20 (2004); Morton, The …” „… ecosystem services, 9 Nature Climate Change 306 (2019); Spitzer/Burtscher, Liability for Climate Change …”

I. Introduction S. 430-431

„… environmental preventive care.9 In its capacity as a provision of strict liability, liability under the UmweltHG …” „… Kommentar zum BGB, 7th ed., 2017, BGB § 823 mn. 884, Chatzinerantzis/ Herz, NJOZ 2010, 594. 9 BT‐Drs …” „… . 11/7104, 1. 10 Rehbinder in: Landmann/Rohmer (eds.), Umweltrecht § 1 UmweltHG mn. 17; Nitsch in: BeckOGK …”

II. Climate change disputes S. 99-100

„… carbon free business. Disputes may and will be the result. 5. Climate finance disputes 9 Transforming the …” „… proceedings 11 In disputes, parties are generally free to come to a mutual agreement by way of negotiation …”

IX. Conclusion S. 446-447

„… : Huber/Neumayr/Reisinger (eds.), Festschrift Danzl, 2017, 655 (667). 143 BT‐Drs. 11/7104, 14, cf also Ahrens, VersR 2019 …” „… Haftung (GmbHG), 9th ed., commentary, C.H. Beck 2019; Arnold, Verantwortung und Zusammenwirken des …”

I. The German law of non-contractual liability: an overview S. 407-410

„… ......................................................................................... 9 3. Nuisance law …” „… law of delict 9The German law of delict is codified in Sections 823 et seq. BGB. Unlike other …” „… of a subjective right. 11 In a second step, Section 823 (2) BGB attaches liability to the breach of a …”

I. Introduction S. 237-238

„… Critical Survey on Climate Change Litigation in Europe and North America, 11 Climate L. Rep. 32 (Winter …” „… , the number would be around 725. 3 Id. at 15. 4 Adelman/Glicksman, Arizona St. L.J., 8–9. 5 Weaver and …”

3. Corporate climate responsibility S. 550-551

„… , judgment of 5.9.2013, 7 C 21.12. 158 Verheyen/Pabsch, mns 39, 55 et seq. 159 Verheyen/Pabsch, mn. 43. 160 …” „… , in: Palandt Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, 79th ed., 2020, § 823 BGB, mns 2, 11. 169 Weller/Thomale, ZGR …”

III. Litigation relating to the authority of the federal government to address climate change S. 258-262

„… . Syncrude Canada Ltd. v. The Attorney General of Canada 11 A major Canadian oil company that produces diesel …” „… Re: Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, 2019 ONCA 544. 49 Reference Re: SKCA, (fn. 51), para 9. 50 …” „… Reference Re: SKCA, (fn. 51), para 10–11; Reference Re: ONCA, (fn. 52), para 77. 58 Reference Re: ONCA, (fn …”

3. Response measures to climate change S. 13-14

„… claimed $1.9 billion under the Energy Charter Treaty. 61Vattenfall’s claim concerned permit delays for a …” „… , judgment of 6 December 2016, 1 BvR 2821/11 1 BvR 321/12 1 BvR 1456/12, available at www.italaw.com. 42 …”

VI. Conclusion S. 427-429

„… global. Efforts at reducing the quantity of carbon 85 OLG Düsseldorf, 09.7.2012 – I-9 U 138/11, BauR 2012 …”

III. Climate change litigation in private law S. 346-363

„… / wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Argumentaire-du-M%C3%A9moire-compl%C3%A9mentaire.pdf. 45 Albert, Causalité administrative …” „… of 9 August 2017. With that reform, the legislature also responded to the need for a simplified, more …” „… 9,000 EUR, namely in the cases of the public limited company (société anonyme) (Art. L. 242‐8 of the …”

V. Conclusions and the future climate litigation in the UK S. 322-324

„… Climate Change, Net Zero: The UK’s Contribution to Stopping Global Warming, 2 May 2019, 11–12. 101 …” „… , 9 Climate Law 244 (2019). Contents I. Introduction …”

II. The Paris Agreement and the legal nature of its provisions S. 200-208

„… prescriptive language, thus being described as the “soft belly”22 of the Agreement. 9aa) The mitigation target …” „… lack a legally binding character. 11The same is true of the expectation of progression and the highest …” „… , Apr 2019. 19 PA, Art. 4.2. 20 PA, Art. 4.9. 21 PA, Art. 4.8. 22 Viñuales, The Paris Climate Agreement …”

III. Jurisdiction S. 125-138

„… III. Jurisdiction 1. Introduction 11a) Meaning and relevance of international jurisdiction …” „… , 18.9.2002, 395 F.3d 932. 30 As to the role of courts in climate protection generally, cf the contribution by …” „… occurred or location of damage. Of the various headings under which Arts. 7–9 Brussels Ibis confer special …”

1. Addressing the causes of climate change S. 7-12

„… ”. The Dutch government submitted 29 grounds of appeal. On 9 October 2018, the Hague Court of Appeal …” „… Infrastructure and the Environment) v Urgenda Foundation, judgment of 9 October 2018, Gerechtshof Den Haag …” „… . Climate change as a challenge for global governance, courts and human rights Voigt 9 referred frequently …”

III. “Giudizio universale” (the last judgment): a high-profile case to be litigated by the first months of 2020 S. 329-333

„… Constitutional Court, Decision no. 85 of 9 May 2013; High Administrative Court, Decisions no. 3767 of 31 August …” „… ; ECJ Judgment of 19 December 2012, Commission/Italy (C-68/11) ECLI:EU:C:2012:815; ECJ Judgment of 10 …” „… , Decisions no. 85 of 9 May 2013 and no. 58 of 23 March 2018; High Administrative Court, Decisions no. 5443 of …”

III. The Paris Agreement in the courtroom S. 208-215

„… of proceedings 82 Ibid., 9. 83 Petition to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, Sacchi et al …” „… Law and Policy 2017, 98, and Saiger, 9 TEL 2020, 37. 87 Saiger, ibid., 38 et seq. 88 Ibid., 50. 89 …” „… Savaresi/Auz, 9 Clim Law 2019, 244. I. The Paris Climate Agreement and liability issues Franzius/Kling 209 …”

III. Key frameworks: ‘sustainability’, ‘environmental justice’ – and ‘ecological justice’ S. 26-33

„… to imagine “strange” ‘spaces’, ‘times’ and ‘agents’ 9 The foregoing outline of three typical issues …” „… ’, ‘environmental justice’ and ‘ecological justice’ are introduced (infra mns 11 et seq.) as reference points for …” „… environmental decisions” 11 In their textbook on (U.S.) Environmental Law and Policy, James Salzman and Barton H …”

V. Arbitral institutions and climate change S. 114-118

„… Arbitration and ADR Commission Report 2019, § 5.11 …” „… of multiple contracts (Article 9), the arbitral tribunal cannot permit third parties to join of their …”

III. Contextualization: factors influencing the role of courts S. 72-76

„… Carnwath, J. Envtl. L. 28 (2016), 5 (9). 90 Peel/Osofsky, supra (fn. 38), 339; Osofsky/Peel, supra (fn. 38 …” „… , JEEPL 12 (2015), 241 (245‐248); Wegener, ZUR 2019, 3 (10‐11); Zahar, International Climate Change Law …”

IV. Suitability of arbitration proceedings for climate change disputes S. 105-114

„… considering whether arbitration is suitable for climate change disputes.34 9. Applicable law 30In arbitration …” „… clause 15.11 an arbitration clause referring to the PCA and its Optional Rules for Arbitration of …”

III. Litigating the transition to a low carbon society: clean energy, airports, and fracking S. 311-319

„… , Renewablesnow, 11 August 2014, available at …” „… State for Communities and Local Government & Ors [2018] EWCA Civ 9. Part 4. Climate change litigation …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406779237

Gerhard Wegen, Marcel Barth, Roman Wexler-Uhlich - International Arbitration in Germany

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Gerhard Wegen, Marcel Barth, Roman Wexler-Uhlich

International Arbitration in Germany

Series: Beck International

Volume 2022

Results in this title

Chapter 11. Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards S. 273-289

„… Germany_Chapter 11.3d from 31.05.2022 17:23:423B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 11RECOGNITION AND …” „… Germany_Chapter 11.3d from 31.05.2022 17:23:423B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmA. Domestic AwardsI. Need …” „… Musielak/Voit, § 1060 para. 5.6 BGH SchiedsVZ 2008, 40, 41; Münch in MüKo-ZPO, § 1060 para. 9.Chapter 11 …”

Chapter 3. Considering Arbitration for Disputes in Germany S. 39-61

„… .98 Cf. Art. 5(3), (4), 7(2), (3), 11 DIS Rules.99 Cf. Art. 2(2) DIS Rules.100 Cf. Art. 9(2), 11, 12(1 …” „… , suppl. 15, 9, 11; Sachs/Lörcher in Böckstiegel/Kröll/Nacimiento, § 1042 para. 31.186 RGZ 29, 387, 389 …” „… Germany_Chapter 3.3d from 31.05.2022 17:19:423B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 3CONSIDERING …”

Chapter 1. Introduction S. 1-21

„… ; Münch in MüKo-ZPO, Vor § 1025 para. 74, 75.8 Münch in MüKo-ZPO, Vor § 1025 para. 11, 12.9 Schwab/Walter …” „… Germany_Chapter 1.3d from 31.05.2022 17:18:563B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 1 …” „… /978-3-406-63417-8/3d/01_International Arbitration in Germany_Chapter 1.3d from 31.05.2022 17:18:563B2 9.1.580; Page …”

Chapter 9. Costs S. 245-255

„… Germany_Chapter 9.3d from 31.05.2022 17:23:063B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 9COSTSContentmn.A …” „… ................................................................ 11V. Lawyers’ Fees …” „… GmbHo:/Beck/978-3-406-63417-8/3d/09_International Arbitration in Germany_Chapter 9.3d from 31.05.2022 …”

Chapter 2. Legal Framework for International Arbitration in Germany S. 21-39

„… Germany_Chapter 2.3d from 31.05.2022 17:19:173B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 2LEGAL FRAMEWORK …” „… ...................................................................... 1I. 10th Book of the Zivilprozessordnung (German Code of Civil Procedure) 11. Creation and Historic …” „… Germany_Chapter 2.3d from 31.05.2022 17:19:173B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmA. German National …”

Chapter 6. The Arbitral Procedure S. 151-219

„… Germany_Chapter 6.3d from 31.05.2022 17:22:143B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 6THE ARBITRAL …” „… Germany_Chapter 6.3d from 31.05.2022 17:22:143B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmF. Oral Hearing …” „… Germany_Chapter 6.3d from 31.05.2022 17:22:153B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmV. Failure to Produce …”

Chapter 5. The Arbitral Tribunal S. 115-151

„… already pending.18 This8 See below at 7 et seq.9 See below at 11 et seq.10 See below at 23 et seq.11 …” „… Germany_Chapter 5.3d from 31.05.2022 17:21:093B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 5THE ARBITRAL …” „… Germany_Chapter 5.3d from 31.05.2022 17:21:093B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm4. Decision on the …”

Chapter 7. The Arbitral Award S. 219-237

„… 2008, 10, 11.31 E.g., arbitrator no. 1 votes for a claim in the amount of EUR 9 million, no. 2 in the …” „… , Art. 35 para. 7, 9, 11 et seq.174 Prütting in Prütting/Gehrlein, § 1058 para. 3.175 Voit in …” „… Germany_Chapter 7.3d from 31.05.2022 17:22:453B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 7THE ARBITRAL …”

Chapter 10. Recourse Against Awards S. 255-273

„… from 31.05.2022 17:23:423B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 11RECOGNITION AND …” „… Germany_Chapter 10.3d from 31.05.2022 17:23:253B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 10RECOURSE AGAINST …” „… /978-3-406-63417-8/3d/10_International Arbitration in Germany_Chapter 10.3d from 31.05.2022 17:23:253B2 9.1.580; Page …”

Annex 2 S. 301-337

„… .3d from 31.05.2022 17:24:133B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmANNEX 22018 DIS ARBITRATION …” „… RULESEffective as of 1 March 2018Introductory ProvisionsArticle 1 Scope of Application1.1These rules apply to …” „… _DIS-Arbitration-Rules.3d from 31.05.2022 17:24:133B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm3.2“Submissions” as used in …”

Chapter 8. Settlement S. 237-245

„… Germany_Chapter 8.3d from 31.05.2022 17:22:563B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 8 …” „… ....................................................................................... 9I. Procedure …” „… /978-3-406-63417-8/3d/08_International Arbitration in Germany_Chapter 8.3d from 31.05.2022 17:22:563B2 9.1.580; Page …”

Chapter 4. The Arbitration Agreement S. 61-115

„… Germany_Chapter 4.3d from 31.05.2022 17:20:313B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmCHAPTER 4THE ARBITRATION …” „… 31.05.2022 17:20:313B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmIV. Optional Content of an Arbitration Agreement …” „… /04_International Arbitration in Germany_Chapter 4.3d from 31.05.2022 17:20:313B2 9.1.580; Page size …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… _Titelei Wegen_Barth.3d from 31.05.2022 17:18:073B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00 …” „… Wegen_Barth.3d from 31.05.2022 17:18:073B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmReemers Publishing Services …” „… GmbHo:/Beck/978-3-406-63417-8/3d/000_Titelei Wegen_Barth.3d from 31.05.2022 17:18:073B2 9.1.580; Page size …”

Annex 1 S. 289-301

„… _Deutsches_Schiedsverfahrensrecht_98_-_Englisch (1).3d from31.05.2022 17:23:513B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmANNEX 1Tenth …” „… 31.05.2022 17:23:513B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm(2) An arbitration agreement may be in the form …” „… d/xxx_Annex_1_Deutsches_Schiedsverfahrensrecht_98_-_Englisch (1).3d from31.05.2022 17:23:513B2 9.1.580; Page …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406792809

Professor Carsten Berkau - Management Accounting

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Professor Carsten Berkau

Management Accounting

2020

Results in this title

11. Accounting for Mergers and Acquisitions S. 180-210

„… statement for OHIO FRIED CHICKEN 0 386,947 8,947 378,000 386,947 386,947 Figure 11.9: OHIO FRIED …” „… calculates a rental profit of: 11 × 9,000 = 99,000.00 ZAR. An amount of 9,000.00 ZAR is calculated cost for …” „… What is in the Chapter? In Chapter (11) Accounting for Mergers and Acquisitions we demonstrate …”

6. Cost Planning / Business Plan S. 82-112

„… ) (500) (2,000) (2,000) (120) (360) 0 (1,440) (360) 240 (2,190) (2,160) (9,750) (11,400) 1,625 (19,272 …” „… 240 120 800 600 0 16,200 11,200 6,100 1,000 30 30 125 125 30 30 125 125 21,857 23,052 9,651 30,980 …” „… appropriation of profits. (9) Prepare a liquidity plan by direct method or reconciliation of profits with …”

9. Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) S. 150-166

„… flow calculation (3) Figure 9.11: EMS KAYAK GmbH’s profit and cash flow calculation (4) Figure 9 …” „… What is in the Chapter? The chapter (9) Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) covers a concept for …” „… . Figure 9.1: DEERFIELD TOURS (Pty) Ltd. break-even point Data Sheet for DEERFIELD TOURS (Pty) Ltd. The …”

13. Structure of Cost Accounting Systems S. 230-251

„… 2,000.00 12,000.00 Figure 13.9: GIULIO’S PIZZA&PASTA RISTORANTE’s manufacturing accounts (2) DR WIP …” „… Kitchen .................. 9,000.00 EUR DR WIP Restaurant/OM ............ 27,000.00 EUR CR Rent …” „… 63,600.00 9,000.00 64,960.00 63,600.00 64,960.00 64,960.00 64,960.00 15,000.00 36,000.00 9 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-3

„… : Susanne Fuellhaas, Konstanz 1. Conventions 1-4 2. Introduction to Management Accounting 2-11 3. Case …” „… Analysis (CVP-Analysis) 8-134 9. Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) 9-150 10. Performance Measurement …” „… 10-167 11. Accounting for Mergers and Acquisitions 11-180 12. Risk Valuation 12-211 13. Structure of Cost …”

16. Cost Allocations S. 274-296

„… centres than TUSCAN (Pty) Ltd. Figure 16.8: HEISFELD Ltd.’s performance structure Figure 16.9 …” „… = 400/950 = 42.11%. Figure 16.10: HEISFELD Ltd.’s cost centre support structure Although an approach that …” „… costs. This is a similar approach to the equation method. Figure 16.11: HEISFELD Ltd.’s iteration …”

2. Introduction to Management Accounting S. 11-15

„… model. In chapter (9), we cover the degree of operational leverage (DOL) which tells managers how …” „… the case study VANHUIZEN BV. Problems of interpretations are shown in chapter (9). The next …” „… one new firm. An acquisition is the purchase of another company for holding. In chapter (11) we …”

21. Activity Based Costing S. 344-356

„… . Call that cost driver amount the utility factor of an activity. (9) Aggregate activities to business …” „… activities/business process by multiplying the process cost rates × utility factor. (11) Add the process costs of …” „… 6,220,000.00 1,642,494.02 1,380,000.00 2,100,000.00 5,897,505.98 9,377,505.98 9,377,505.98 9 …”

4. Case Study PENOR PLC – Managerial Accounting S. 41-71

„… the entire expenses for both departments, say 11,576.31 EUR. In contrast, Management Accounting …” „… just an item on the annual income statement of, e.g. 11,576.31 EUR. With no Management Accounting …” „… 15,231.00 256,500.00 190,000.00 1,237,500.00 1,000,000.00 57,000.00 200,000.00 9,500.00 37,500.00 …”

12. Risk Valuation S. 211-229

„… (Pty) Ltd., as we discussed in chapter (11). Based on the past data we already prepared a budgeted …” „… income statement as below in Figure 12.9. 1,797,000 1,797,000 (1,086,000) (88,000) (25,000) (245,000 …” „… ) 353,000 353,000 (105,900) 247,100 Figure 12.9: Budgeted income statement for 20Y5 xxz (with: z …”

7. Cost Concepts, Cost Behaviour and Cost Separation S. 113-133

„… 2,800,000.00 9,500,000.00 9,500,000.00 2,800,000.00 800,000.00 640,000.00 1,900,000.00 1,600,000.00 160,000.00 …” „… can see in Figure 7.9 the slope is the tangent of the angle which is the opposite leg of the angle …” „… divided by its adjacent leg. Figure 7.9: Calculation of the slope of Y(X) By the next step we study …”

3. Case Study PENOR PLC - Financial Accounting S. 16-40

„… terms and prepaid costs. We also cover the disclosure of liabilities following IAS 1 and IFRS 9. We …” „… 1,100,000.00 500,000.00 400,000.00 1,455,080.00 6,675,780.00 6,675,780.00 1,455,080.00 Figure 3.9: Accounts …” „… 200,000.00 1,190,000.00 1,190,000.00 1,190,000.00 Figure 3.9: Accounts (continued) 600,000.00 13,500.00 …”

8. Cost Volume Profit Analysis (CVP-Analysis) S. 134-149

„… 8.9: DEERFIELD TOURS (Pty) Ltd.’s break-even point (internet campaign) Figure 8.10: Standard normal …” „… below. Data Sheet for KL tour Figure 8.11: DEERFIELD TOURS (Pty) Ltd. 2-product statement Figure 8.12 …” „… costs of 11,600.00 EUR. How many products must be manufactured to earn a positive profit? 1. 92 units …”

19. Process Costing (Manufacturing Accounting) S. 328-338

„… Goods Inventory account. (9) Record the revenue. (10) Add all non-manufacturing costs to the Profit …” „… and Loss account. (11) Debit the cost of sales to the Profit and Loss account. (12) Calculate the …” „… WIP account; CR WIP account take place at least? 1. 0. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. Solutions: 1-1; 2-4 …”

18. Job Order Costing (Manufacturing Accounting) S. 307-327

„… cost calculation, divide the total costs of the finished goods by the lot size of the job order. (9 …” „… to the Cost of Goods Sold COS account for over- or underapplied overheads. (11) Once goods are …” „… income. Solutions: 1-1; 2-3; 3-4; 4-2; 5-3. …”

doi.org/10.24053/9783739880280

Christoph Busch, Alberto Franceschi - Algorithmic Regulation and Personalized Law

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Christoph Busch (ed.), Alberto Franceschi (ed.)

Algorithmic Regulation and Personalized Law

Series: Beck International

Volume 2022

Results in this title

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Services GmbH O:/Beck/Busch_978-3-406-74391-7/3d/000_Busch-Titelei.3d from 30.10.2020 12:11:19 3B2 9 …” „… /000_Busch-Titelei.3d from 30.10.2020 12:11:19 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Algorithmic …” „… 30.10.2020 11:31:51 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Table of Contents List of Authors …”

N. Algorithmic Regulation and (Im)Perfect Enforcement in the Personalized Economy (Busch) S. 279-292

„… Enforcement in the Personalized Economy, 2019-11-26.3d from 30.10.2020 11:37:47 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00 …” „… Personalized Economy, 2019-11-26.3d from 30.10.2020 11:37:47 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm N …” „… Personalized Economy, 2019-11-26.3d from 30.10.2020 11:37:47 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Part 4 …”

M. “Smart Contract”, “Granular Norms” and Non-Discrimination(Zeno-Zencovich) S. 264-278

„… Contracts, Granular Norms and Non Discrimination, 24.11.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:37:32 3B2 9.1.580; Page …” „… Non Discrimination, 24.11.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:37:33 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm …” „… Norms and Non Discrimination, 24.11.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:37:33 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm …”

D. The Law between Generality and Particularity. Chances and Limits of Personalized Law (Grigoleit/Bender) S. 115-136

„… 30.10.2020 11:35:08 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART2 CRITIQUE ANDTHEORETICALPERSPECTIVES D …” „… and Particularity. Chances and Limits of Personalized Law.3d from 30.10.2020 11:35:09 3B2 9 …” „… 30.10.2020 11:35:09 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm D. The Law between Generality and …”

B. Personalizing Negligence Law (Ben-Shahar/Porat) S. 54-97

„… from 30.10.2020 11:34:10 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm B. Personalizing Negligence Law* 1 …” „… 24.3d from 30.10.2020 11:34:10 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Part 1. The Concept of …” „… from 30.10.2020 11:34:10 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm B. Personalizing Negligence Law …”

L. Personalized Law and the Behavioral Sciences (Hacker) S. 241-263

„… Behavioural Sciences 181025.3d from 30.10.2020 11:37:15 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART4 …” „… Personalization and Behavioural Sciences 181025.3d from 30.10.2020 11:37:15 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm …” „… Personalization and Behavioural Sciences 181025.3d from 30.10.2020 11:37:15 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm …”

J. Personalization of the Law and Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts (Patti) S. 221-235

„… of the Law and Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts, 06.06.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:51 3B2 9 …” „… Law and Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts, 06.06.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:51 3B2 9.1.580; Page …” „… in Consumer Contracts, 06.06.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:51 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm …”

A. Personalizing Default Rules and Disclosure with Big Data (Porat/Strahilevitz) S. 5-53

„… Complete - ls edits2.3d from 30.10.2020 11:32:57 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART1 …” „… edits2.3d from 30.10.2020 11:32:57 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Part 1. The Concept of …” „… _978-3-406-74391-7/3d/01_Porat Strahilevitz PP Complete - ls edits2.3d from 30.10.2020 11:32:58 3B2 9.1.580; Page size …”

F. Logopoeia: Normative Typification and Granular Norm’s Informational Differentiation (Femia) S. 155-171

„… 11:35:46 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm F. Logopoeia: Normative Typification and Granular …” „… 30.10.2020 11:35:46 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Part 2. Critique and Theoretical Perspectives …” „… granular norms informational differentiation. 6.3.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:35:47 3B2 9.1.580; Page size …”

H. ‘Granular Legal Norms’ in the Financial Services Trade (Sirena) S. 185-202

„… norms in the financial services trade, 08.07.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:18 3B2 9.1.580; Page size …” „… norms in the financial services trade, 08.07.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:18 3B2 9.1.580; Page size …” „… 11:36:19 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm H. ‘Granular Legal Norms’ in the Financial Services …”

C. The Death of Rules and Standards (Casey/Niblett) S. 98-114

„… – Final (January 2019).3d from 30.10.2020 11:34:38 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm C. The Death …” „… 2019).3d from 30.10.2020 11:34:38 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm C. The Death of Rules and …” „… 30.10.2020 11:34:38 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Part 1. The Concept of Personalized Law merely …”

E. Granular Norms and the Concept of Law: A Critique (Auer) S. 137-154

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K. Personalization of Tort Law? (von Bar) S. 236-240

„… 2017 GB.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:57 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm K. Personalization of …” „… 2017 GB.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:57 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm K. Personalization of …” „… 11:36:57 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Part 3. Personalization in Contract, Consumer and Tort …”

I. De- or Re-typification through Big Data Analytics? The Case of Consumer Law (Micklitz) S. 203-220

„… Re-typification through Big Data Analytics The Case of Consumer Law, 24.02.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:34 3B2 9 …” „… 11:36:34 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Part 3. Personalization in Contract, Consumer and Tort …” „… Consumer Law, 24.02.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:34 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm I. De- or …”

G. “Granularization” and Cross-Subsidies: Liberal, Neoliberal and Socialist Perspectives (Denozza/Maugeri) S. 172-184

„… 11:36:00 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm G. “Granularization” and Cross-Subsidies: Liberal …” „… , 3.06.2019.3d from 30.10.2020 11:36:00 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm G. “Granularization” and …” „… 11:36:01 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm G. “Granularization” and Cross-Subsidies An example can …”

Introduction: Personalization and Granularity of Legal Norms in the Data Economy: A Transatlantic Debate (Busch/De Franceschi) S. 1-4

„… , Introduction.3d from 30.10.2020 11:32:02 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm INTRODUCTION …” „… Franceschi, Introduction.3d from 30.10.2020 11:32:02 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Introduction …” „… 11:32:02 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Personalization and Granularity of Legal Norms in the …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406779336

Markus Hartung, Micha-Manuel Bues, Gernot Halbleib - Legal Tech

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Markus Hartung, Micha-Manuel Bues, Gernot Halbleib

Legal Tech

Series: Beck International

Volume 2020

Results in this title

I. Legal Tech in France (Aïdan) S. 320-325

„… https://www.alexia.fr/ (accessed on 11/04/ 2018). 9 Monavocat has raised € 1 million from the W3 group in 2017. For more …” „… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 18:01:21 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm I. Legal Tech in France* 1 The widespread use of …”

F. Measuring Innovation to Drive Change and Improve Legal-Services Delivery and Access for Everyone (Linna) S. 213-227

„… 11 3 1 1 8 5 5 6 2 4 8 7 1 2 3 5 1 1 5 2 3 1 1 3 1 6 9 2 6 4 56 5 20 15 11 5 7 10 20 9 18 25 20 2 9 5 …” „… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_5.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:59:22 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm F. Measuring Innovation to Drive Change and Improve …”

N. Legal Tech in Japan (Niioka/Okano) S. 345-349

„… database as at 9 March 2018 yields only 11 results, all of which are practical or journalistic articles …” „… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 18:01:23 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm N. Legal Tech in Japan* 1This short essay presents an …”

D. Workflow Automation (Rackwitz/Corveleyn) S. 166-171

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A. LegalZoom: Fighting the A2J Crisis (Hartman/Rampenthal) S. 181-188

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M. Legal Tech in Italy (Gentile/Lorusso) S. 339-344

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 18:01:23 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm M. Legal Tech in Italy* I. Introduction 1Legal Tech’s …” „… 341 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 …”

B. Document Automation (Halbleib) S. 256-262

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D. Blockchain – A New Foundational Technology in Law? (Glatz) S. 273-280

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B. Digital Transformation: Success Factors (Bues) S. 15-26

„… questions.”10 8 https://hbr.org/2013/12/how-diversity-can-drive-innovation. 9 https://hbr.org/2016/11 …” „… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_1.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:56:45 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm B. Digital Transformation: Success Factors* I …”

H. Online Dispute Resolution – ODR (Braegelmann) S. 233-246

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G. Litigation Funding and Predictive Analytics (Kohlmeier) S. 228-232

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_5.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:59:27 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm G. Litigation Funding and Predictive Analytics* I …” „… /hulk-hogan-gawker-and-the-future-of-litigationfinance. 228 Kohlmeier Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_5.3d …”

A. Legal Tech – The Digital Mindset (Klock) S. 105-114

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_3.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:57:46 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART 3 LEGAL TECH IN SMALL AND MEDIUM FIRMS A. Legal …” „… lawyers – and medium-sized law firms with up to 30 professionals. 2 11/2016: Verlag C. H. Beck wird …”

C. Legal Tech Education at Bucerius Law School (D. Hartung) S. 197-202

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E. Smart Contracts for Modern Lawyers (Braegelmann/Kaulartz) S. 281-286

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E. Transforming Lawyer-Client Collaboration and Creating Lasting Change Through LawWithoutWalls (DeStefano/Pagano) S. 207-212

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_5.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:59:21 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm E. Transforming Lawyer-Client Collaboration and …” „… _978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_5.3d from 07.08.2018 17:59:21 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Fig. 1: Ecstatic …”

D. Legal Tech in Brazil (Toco) S. 303-306

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 18:01:18 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm D. Legal Tech in Brazil* I. Introduction 1The Law …” „… . Toco 305 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from …”

F. Deloitte + Legal + Tech (Northoff/Gresbrand) S. 74-80

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_2.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:57:26 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm F. Deloitte + Legal + Tech* 1 This chapter provides an …” „… O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_2.3d from 07.08.2018 17:57:26 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00 …”

A. Legal Tech in Africa (Freitas) S. 287-292

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 18:01:13 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART 7 COUNTRY REPORTS LEGAL TECH A. Legal Tech in …” „… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 18:01:15 3 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… 1-5 17.08.2018 11:44:32 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/00 …” „… , P. 181, P. 8643 Hartung Bues Halbleib Legal Tech supported by Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9_df.indd …” „… _Title.3d from 07.08.2018 17:55:38 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Hartung/Bues/Halbleib …”

A. How to Build a Robot Lawyer (Grupp) S. 247-255

„… 07.08.2018 18:00:01 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm meaning,11 in particular, the subsequent …” „… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_6.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:59:59 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART 6 TECHNOLOGY A. How to Build a Robot Lawyer* 1The …”

C. From Contract Management to Legal Content Management (Jacob) S. 156-165

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_4.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:58:26 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm C. From Contract Management to Legal Content …” „… Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_4.3d from 07.08.2018 17:58:26 3B2 9 …”

A. Thoughts on Legal Tech and Digitalization (M. Hartung) S. 3-14

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_1.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:56:44 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART 1 THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION A. Thoughts on Legal …” „… _978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_1.3d from 07.08.2018 17:56:44 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 4 The basic …”

U. Legal Tech in the USA (Vogl) S. 378-390

„… https://medium.com/@globality/its-time-to-move-global-business-forward-f2692a9b6908; http://fortune.com/2017/01/11/joel-hyatt-is-back/?iid=sr-link1. 82 Joan C. Williams …” „… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 18:01:28 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm U. Legal Tech in the USA* I. Introduction 1 Big data …”

C. Artificial Intelligence in Law (Bues) S. 263-272

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_6.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 18:00:02 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm C. Artificial Intelligence in Law* 1Anyone following …” „… . https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/innovations/wp/2014/10/24/elon-musk-with-artificial-intelligence-we-are-summoning-the-demon/?utm_term=.8a6b9f3dd4 …”

H. Legal Tech in Finland (Koulu/Markkanen) S. 315-319

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 18:01:21 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm H. Legal Tech in Finland* I. Introduction 1The …” „… _978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_7.3d from 07.08.2018 18:01:21 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Humanities, the …”

C. How to Develop a Legal Tech Strategy (Halbleib) S. 27-38

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_1.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:56:46 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm C. How to Develop a Legal Tech Strategy* I …” „… Factors” by Bues in this book. 2 www.innovative.legal/solutions/smartdelivery/ (accessed March 9, 2018). 3 …”

B. Legal Publishers, Legal Technology, and the New Legal Landscape (Curle) S. 189-196

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_5.3d from 07.08.2018 …” „… 17:59:19 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm B. Legal Publishers, Legal Technology, and the New …” „… : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zruWCuNmWV8. Curle 189 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH O:/Beck/Hartung_978-3-406-72924-9/3d/Part_5.3d from …”

D. With Our Back to the Wall! How Digitalization Saved Our Law Firm – and, in Addition, Brought Us a Large Number of Clients (Solmecke) S. 127-134

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G. Legal Tech in Estonia (Nõlv) S. 313-314

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K. Legal Tech in India (Bhagat) S. 332-334

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F. Legal Tech in China (Wang) S. 311-312

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H. Law Firm Innovation – from Incubators to Transformation (Tromans) S. 90-92

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P . Legal Tech in Russia (Zscheyge) S. 354-356

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S. Legal Tech in Switzerland (Arends-Paltzer) S. 365-368

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R. Legal Tech in Sweden (Svärd) S. 362-364

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D. The Paris Bar Incubator: a Story of Breaking New Boundaries (Damelet/Smatt Pinelli/ Blanc) S. 203-206

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B. Four theses for the future (M. Hartung) S. 395-398

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C. Legal Tech in Austria (Martinetz) S. 298-302

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L. Legal Tech in Israel (Fisher) S. 335-338

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A. Legal Tech in Inhouse Legal Departments (Quade) S. 135-149

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Q. Legal Tech in Spain (González-Espejo/Fauqueur) S. 357-361

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O. Legal Tech in the Netherlands (Zweers) S. 350-353

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A. The 2020’s: Legal Services Merely Augmented by Lawyers (Kowalski) S. 391-394

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E. Norton Rose Fulbright ContractorCheck: From Development to Use of an Online Tool in Employment and Labor Law (Fiedler) S. 68-73

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B. Transforming a Consumer Law Firm to a Modern Legal Service Provider (Gansel) S. 115-120

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E. Legal Tech in Canada – Between Global Hotspot and Northern Sandbox (Blase) S. 307-310

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A. The Legal Industry in Transition – How Did We Get Here and How Has Technology Changed the Marketplace? (Cohen) S. 39-43

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B. Legal Tech in Australia (Ghiassi) S. 293-297

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C. Legal Tech in a Small Specialist Law Firm (Greisbach) S. 121-126

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B. Big Law & Legal Tech (Wenzler) S. 44-48

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J. Legal Tech in Germany – Between Buzz Word and “Anwaltsschreck” (Barth) S. 326-331

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B. Legal Tech Made to Measure – the Contract Drafting Process with the Audi DocCreator (Brtka/Keller/Levien) S. 150-155

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E. Digitalization of International Contracting Practices (Magrini/Blase) S. 172-180

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T. Legal Tech in the UK (Goodman) S. 369-377

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D. Law Firms as Incubators: Lessons Learned from the First Initiatives (Bernard) S. 58-67

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C. Commercial Law Firms Under the Influence of Artificial Intelligence – Status Report and Outlook Using the Analysis Software Kira as an Example (Krause/Hecker) S. 49-57

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G. The Big Four and the Digital Revolution (von Busekist/Glock/Mohr) S. 81-89

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I. The Clearspire Story (Cohen) S. 93-104

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