Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
Article-by-Article Commentary
Zusammenfassung
Ambos, Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court The Commentary, founded by the late Otto Triffterer, is the leading commentary on the Rome Statute. The editor and a number of eminent legal practitioners and scholars in the field of international criminal law give a detailed article-by-article analysis of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The commentary aims at explaining the content of the various articles in a broader sense, including their drafting history, their impact on International Criminal Law, and their relation with other sources of the ICC such as the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, the Regulations of the Court and the Prosecution, etc. The new Edition of the commentary has been thoroughly revised, updated and complemented with some further resources. It contains up-to-date case law (including a Table of Cases), literature and legislative developments at the ICC. Due to the burgeoning body of International Criminal Law, clarity and structure of presentation as well as greater consistency was a major objective of this new edition. It is hoped that the Commentary will continue to provide a useful guide for both practitioners and academics in various capacities.
Abstract
Ambos, Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court The Commentary, founded by the late Otto Triffterer, is the leading commentary on the Rome Statute. The editor and a number of eminent legal practitioners and scholars in the field of international criminal law give a detailed article-by-article analysis of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The commentary aims at explaining the content of the various articles in a broader sense, including their drafting history, their impact on International Criminal Law, and their relation with other sources of the ICC such as the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, the Regulations of the Court and the Prosecution, etc. The new Edition of the commentary has been thoroughly revised, updated and complemented with some further resources. It contains up-to-date case law (including a Table of Cases), literature and legislative developments at the ICC. Due to the burgeoning body of International Criminal Law, clarity and structure of presentation as well as greater consistency was a major objective of this new edition. It is hoped that the Commentary will continue to provide a useful guide for both practitioners and academics in various capacities.
- 1–17 Preamble 1–17
- 117–135 Article 6. Genocide 117–135
- 317–686 Article 8. War crimes 317–686
- 756–785 Article 10 756–785
- 881–899 Article 15. Prosecutor 881–899
- 1091–1129 Article 20. Ne bis in idem 1091–1129
- 1129–1149 Article 21. Applicable law 1129–1149
- 1328–1347 Article 30. Mental element 1328–1347
- 1430–1448 Article 35. Service of judges 1430–1448
- 1460–1474 Article 37. Judicial vacancies 1460–1474
- 1474–1485 Article 38. The Presidency 1474–1485
- 1485–1492 Article 39. Chambers 1485–1492
- 1522–1534 Article 43. The Registry 1522–1534
- 1534–1544 Article 44. Staff 1534–1544
- 1544–1547 Article 45. Solemn undertaking 1544–1547
- 1835–2273 Part 6: The Trial 1835–2273
- 1835–1848 Article 62. Place of trial 1835–1848
- 2037–2089 Article 69. Evidence 2037–2089
- 2263–2273 Article 76. Sentencing 2263–2273
- 2273–2317 Part 7: Penalties 2273–2317
- 2302–2311 Article 79. Trust Fund 2302–2311
- 2317–2439 Part 8: Appeal and Revision 2317–2439
- 2510–2519 Article 90. Competing requests 2510–2519
- 2525–2529 Article 92. Provisional arrest 2525–2529
- 2575–2585 Article 97. Consultations 2575–2585
- 2681–2684 Article 100. Costs 2681–2684
- 2697–2701 Article 102. Use of terms 2697–2701
- 2701–2767 Part 10: Enforcement 2701–2767
- 2764–2767 Article 111. Escape 2764–2767
- 2811–2811 Part 12: Financing 2811–2811
- 2842–2846 Article 118. Annual audit 2842–2846
- 2846–2931 Part 13: Final Clauses 2846–2931
- 2855–2871 Article 120. Reservations 2855–2871
- 2871–2891 Article 121. Amendments 2871–2891
- 2919–2922 Article 126. Entry into force 2919–2922
- 2922–2926 Article 127. Withdrawal 2922–2926
- 2926–2931 Article 128. Authentic texts 2926–2931
- 2931–3037 Table of Cases 2931–3037
- 3037–3064 Index 3037–3064
- ?General Literature
- Ackerman, B., Ambos, K. and Sikiri?, H. (eds.), Visions of Justice – Liber Amicorum Mirjan Damaška (Duncker & Humblot 2016), quoted as: Author, in Ackerman et al., LA Damaška (2016);
- Agirre Aranburu, X., Bergsmo, M., De Smet, S. and Stahn, C. (eds.), Quality Control in Criminal Investigation, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, Brussels, 2020, quoted as: Author, in Agirre
- Aranburu et al., Quality Control (2020);
- American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries, series of volumes (ALI 1985), quoted as: ALI, MPC, Vol. (1985);
- Allen, M.J., Textbook on Criminal Law (OUP 14th edition 2017), quoted as: Allen, Criminal Law (2017);
- Ambos, K., Der Allgemeine Teil des Völkerstrafrechts. Ansätze einer Dogmatisierung (Duncker & Humblot 2002/2004), quoted as: Ambos, Völkerstrafrecht (2002);
- – Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol. I: Foundations and General Part (OUP 2013), quoted as: Ambos, Treatise ICL I (2013);
- – Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol. II: The Crimes and Sentencing (OUP 2014), quoted as: Ambos, Treatise ICL II (2014);
- – Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol. III: International Criminal Procedure (OUP 2016), quoted as: Ambos, Treatise ICL III (2016);
- – European Criminal Law (CUP 2018), quoted as: Ambos, EurCrL (2018);
- – Internationales Strafrecht. Strafanwendungsrecht – Völkerstrafrecht – Europäisches Strafrecht – Rechtshilfe (C.H. Beck 5th edition 2018), quoted as: Ambos, Internationales Strafrecht (2018);
- – Wirtschaftsvölkerstrafrecht (Duncker & Humblot 2018), quoted as: Ambos, Wirtschaftsvölkerstrafrecht (2018);
- – Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol. I: Foundations and General Part (OUP 2nd ed. 2021), quoted as: Ambos, Treatise ICL I (2021);
- Ambos, K., Duff, A., Roberts, J. and Weigend, T. (eds.), Core Concepts in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, Vol. I (CUP 2020), quoted as: Author, in Ambos et al., Core Concepts I (2020).
- Ambos, K., Duff, A., Roberts, J. and Weigend, T. (eds.), Core Concepts in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, Vol. II (CUP forthcoming 2022), quoted as: Author, in Ambos et al., Core Concepts II (forthcoming 2022).
- Ambos, K., König, S. and Rackow, P. (eds.), Rechtshilferecht in Strafsachen (Nomos 2015, 2nd edition 2020), quoted as: Author, in Ambos et al., Rechtshilferecht (2015)/(2020);
- Amerasinghe, C.F., Principles of the Institutional Law of International Organizations (CUP 2nd edition 2005), quoted as: Amerasinghe, Principles (2005);
- Amnesty International, The International Criminal Court: Making the Right Choices, Part I: Defining the Crimes and Permissible Defences and Initiating a Prosecution (1997 AI-Index: IOR 40/01/97), quoted as: AI, ICC I (1997);
- – Part II: Organizing the Court and Guaranteeing a Fair Trial (July 1997 AI Index: IOR 40/11/97), quoted as: AI, ICC II (1997);
- – Part III: Ensuring Effective State Cooperation (1997 IOR-Index: 40/13/97), quoted as: AI, ICC III (1997);
- – Part IV: Basic Principles Concerning Establishment and Financing of the Court and Final Clauses (March 1998 AI-Index: 40/4/98), quoted as: AI, ICC IV (1998);
- – Part V: Recommendations to the Diplomatic Conference (May 1998, AI Index: IOR 40/10/98), quoted as: AI, ICC V (1998);
- Arbour, L., Eser, A., Sanders, A., Ambos, K. (eds.), The Prosecutor of a permanent ICC (Ed. Iuscrim 2000), quoted as: Arbour et al., Prosecutor (2000);
- Armenta Deu, T., Lecciones de Derecho procesal penal (Marcial Pons 2nd edition 2018), quoted as: Armenta Deu, Lecciones (2018);
- Ascensio, H., Decaux E. and Pellet, A., Droit International Pénal (Pedone 2000), quoted as: Ascensio et al., DIP (2000);
- – Droit International Pénal (Pedone 2nd edition 2012), quoted as: Ascensio et al., DIP (2012);
- Ashworth, A.J., The Criminal Process: An Evaluative Study (Clarendon Press 2nd edition 1998), quoted as: Ashworth, Process (1998);
- Ashworth, A. and Horder, J., Principles of Criminal Law (OUP 7th edition 2013), quoted as:
- Ashworth and Horder, Principles (2013);
- Badar, M.E., The Concept of Mens Rea in International Criminal Law. The Case for a Unified Approach (Hart 2013), quoted as: Badar, Mens Rea (2013);
- Bantekas, I. and Nash, S., International Criminal Law (Routledge Cavendish 3rd edition 2007), quoted as: Bantekas and Nash, ICL (2007);
- Barriga, S. and Kreß, C. (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (CUP 2012), quoted as: Author, in Barriga and Kreß, Travaux Aggression (2012);
- – The Crime of Aggression: A Commentary (CUP 2017), quoted as: Author, in Barriga and Kreß, Aggression Commentary (2017);
- Bassiouni, M.C., International Criminal Law: A Draft International Criminal Code (Brill 1980), quoted as: Bassiouni, ICL Draft (1980);
- – A Draft International Criminal Code and Draft Statute for an International Criminal Tribunal (Nijhoff 1987), quoted as: Bassiouni, ICL Draft (1987);
- – The Protection of Human Rights in the Administration of Criminal Justice: A Compendium of United Nations Norms and Standards (Transnational Publishers 1st edition 1994), quoted as: Bassiouni, Human Rights (1994);
- – Crimes Against Humanity in International Criminal Law (CUP 1992, 2nd edition 1999), quoted as: Bassiouni, Crimes (1992)/(1999);
- – International Criminal Law, (Nijhoff 1st edition 1987, 3rd edition 2008), quoted as: Bassiouni, ICL (1987)/(2008);
- – Crimes Against Humanity: Historical Evolution and Contemporary Application (CUP 2011), quoted as: Bassiouni, CaH (2011);
- – Introduction to International Criminal Law (Nijhoff 2nd edition 2013), quoted as: Bassiouni, Introduction (2013);
- – (ed.), International Criminal Law (Transnational Publishers 1986), quoted as: Author, in Bassiouni, ICL (1986);
- – (ed.), International Criminal Court Compilation of United Nations’ Documents and Draft ICC Statute before the Diplomatic Conference (Transnational Publishers 1998), quoted as: Bassiouni, ICC Draft (1998);
- – (ed.), Commentaries on the International Law Commission’s 1991 Draft Code of Crimes Against Peace and Security of Mankind (Erès 1993), quoted as: Bassiouni, Commentaries (1993);
- – (ed.), The Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Documentary History, Two Volumes (Transnational Publishers 1st edition 1999), quoted as: Bassiouni, Statute I/II (1999);
- – (ed.), The Legislative History of the International Criminal Court, Vol. I: Introduction, Analysis, and Integrated Text of the Statute, Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence, Vol. II: An Article-by-Article Evolution of the Statute from 1994 to 1998, Vol. III: Summary records of the 1998 Diplomatic Conference (Transnational Publishers 2005), quoted as: Bassiouni, Legislative History I/II/III (2005);
- – (ed.), International Criminal Law, Vol. I: Sources, subjects and contents, Vol. II: Multilateral and Bilateral Mechanisms, Vol. III: International Enforcement (Nijhoff 1st edition 1987, 2nd edition 1999, 3rd edition 2008), quoted as: Bassiouni, ICL I/II/III (1987)/(1999)/(2008);
- Bassiouni, M.C. and Nanda, V.P., A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol. I, Crimes and Punishment, Vol. II, Jurisdiction and Cooperation (Thomas Publisher 1973), quoted as: Bassiouni and Nanda, Treatise I/II (1973);
- Bassiouni, M.C. and Manikas, P., The Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (Transnational Publishers 1996), quoted as: Bassiouni and Manikas, ICTY (1996);
- Bassiouni, M.C. and Schabas, W.A. (eds.), The Legislative History of the International Criminal Court, Two Volumes (Brill 2nd edition 2016), quoted as: Bassouni and Schabas (eds.), History ICC I/II (2016);
- Beauvallets, O. (ed.), Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la justice pénale internationale (Berger Levrault 2017), quoted as: Author, in Beauvallets, Dictionnaire (2017);
- Bekou, O. and Birkett, D.J. (eds.), Cooperation and the International Criminal Court. Perspectives from Theory and Practice (Brill/Nijhoff 2016), quoted as: Author, in Bekou and Birkett, Cooperation (2016);
- Bekou, O. and Cryer, R. (eds.), The International Criminal Court (Ashgate 2005), quoted as: Author, in Bekou and Cryer, ICC (2005);
- Bellelli, R. (ed.), International Criminal Justice (Ashgate 2010), quoted as: Author, in Bellelli, International Criminal Justice (2010);
- Bellivier, F., Eudes, M. and Fouchard, I., Droit de crimes internationaux (Presses Universitaires de France 2018), quoted as: Bellivier et al., Crimes internationaux (2018);
- Bergsmo, M. (ed.), Abbreviated Criminal Procedures for Core International Crimes (Torkel Opsahl 2018), quoted as: Author, in Bergsmo, Abbreviated Criminal Procedures (2018);
- Bergsmo, M. and Buis, E.J. (eds.), Philosophical Foundations of International Criminal Law: Foundational Concepts (Torkel Opsahl 2019), quoted as: Author, in Bergsmo and Buis, Foundations ICL: Concepts (2019);
- – Philosophical Foundations of International Criminal Law: Correlating Thinkers (Torkel Opsahl 2018), quoted as: Author, in Bergsmo and Buis, Foundations ICL: Thinkers (2018);
- Bergsmo, M., Rackwitz, K. and Song, T., Historical Origins of International Criminal Law, Five Volumes (Torkel Opsahl 2014–2017), quoted as: Bergsmo et al., Origins I-V (2014–2017);
- Bergsmo, M. and Song, T. (eds.), On the Proposed Crimes Against Humanity Convention (Torkel Opsahl 2014), quoted as: Author, in Bergsmo and Song, CaH Convention (2014);
- Bergsmo, M. and Stahn, C. (eds.), Quality Control in Preliminary Examination, Two Volumes (Torkel Opsahl 2018), quoted as: Author, in Bergsmo and Stahn, Preliminary Examination I/II (2018);
- Boas, G., Bischoff, J.L. and Reid, N.L., International Criminal Law Practitioner Library. Vol. I: Forms of Responsibility in International Criminal Law (CUP 2010), quoted as: Boas et al., Forms of Responsibility (2010);
- – International Criminal Law Practitioner Library. Vol. II: Elements of Crimes under International Law (CUP 2009), quoted as: Boas et al., Elements (2009);
- Boas, G., Bischoff, J.L., Reid, N.L. and Don Taylor III, B., International Criminal Law Practitioner Library. Vol. III: International Criminal Procedure (CUP 2011), quoted as: Boas et al., Procedure (2011);
- Bohlander, M., The German Criminal Code – A Modern English Translation (Hart 2008), quoted as: Bohlander, German Criminal Code (2008);
- – (ed.), International Criminal Justice – A Critical Analysis of Institutions and Procedures (2007), quoted as: Author, in Bohlander, International Criminal Justice (2007);
- Boot, M., Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and the Subject Matter of the International Criminal Court: Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes (Intersentia 2002), quoted as: Boot, Nullum Crimen (2002);
- Borsari, R., Diritto punitivo sovranazionale come sistema (CEDAM 2007), quoted as: Borsari, Diritto punitivo (2007);
- Böse, M., Bohlander, M., Klip, A. and Lagodny, O. (eds.), Justice Without Borders – Essays in Honour of Wolfgang Schomburg (Brill 2018), quoted as: Author, in Böse et al., Essays Schomburg (2018);
- Bothe, M., Partsch, K.J. and Solf, W.A. (eds.), New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts: Commentary on the Two 1977 Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions (Nijhoff 2nd edition 2013), quoted as: Author, in Bothe et al., Commentary Protocols (2013);
- Bouloc, B., Droit Pénal Général (26th edition Dalloz 2019), quoted as: Bouloc, Droit Pénal (2019);
- Bowett, D.W., The Law of International Institutions (Stevens & Sons 4th edition 1982), quoted as: Bowett, Institutions (1982);
- Brown, B.S. (ed.), Research Handbook on International Criminal Law (Edward Elgar 2011), quoted as: Author, in Brown, RH ICL (2011);
- Brownmiller, S., Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape (Bantam 1975), quoted as: Brownmiller, Rape (1975);
- Burgers, H.J. and Danelius, H., The United Nations Convention against Torture: A Handbook against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Nijhoff 1988), quoted as: Burgers and Danelius, Torture (1988);
- Campbell, L., Ashworth, A. and Redmayne, M., The Criminal Process (OUP 5th edition 2019), quoted as: Campbell et al., Process (2019);
- Carlson, K.B., Model(ing) Justice – Perfecting the Promise of International Criminal Law (CUP 2018), quoted as: Carlson, Justice (2018);
- Carter, L. and Pocar, F. (eds.), International Criminal Procedure, (Edward Elgar 2013), quoted as: Author, in Carter and Pocar, Procedure (2013);
- Cassese, A., International Criminal Law (OUP 1st edition 2003, 2nd edition 2008), quoted as: Cassese, ICL (2003)/(2008);
- – International Criminal Law: Cases and Commentary (OUP 2011), quoted as: Cassese, Cases and Commentary (2011);
- – (ed.), The Oxford Companion to International Criminal Justice (OUP 2009), quoted as: Author, in Cassese, Companion (2011);
- Cassese, A. and Gaeta, P., Cassese’s International Criminal Law (OUP 3rd edition 2013), quoted as: Cassese and Gaeta, ICL (2013);
- Cassese, A., Gaeta, P., and Jones, J.R.W.D. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, Two Volumes and materials (OUP 2002), quoted as: Author, in Cassese et al., Rome Statute I/II (2002);
- Chinkin, C., Third Parties in International Law (OUP 1993), quoted as: Chinkin, Third Parties (1993);
- Choo, A., Evidence (OUP 5th edition 2018), quoted as: Choo, Evidence (2018);
- Clapham, A. and Gaeta, P. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflict (OUP 2014), quoted as: Author, in Clapham and Gaeta, Oxf HB Armed Conflict (2014);
- Clapham, A., Gaeta, P. and Sassoli, M. (eds.), The 1949 Geneva Conventions. A Commentary (OUP 2015), quoted as: Author, in Clapham et al., GC Commentary (2015);
- Cobo del Rosal, M. and Vives Antón, T.S., Derecho penal. Parte General (Tirant lo blanch 5th edition 1999), quoted as: Cobo del Rosal and Vives Antón, DP (1999);
- Cryer, R., Prosecuting International Crimes, Selectivity and the International Criminal Law Regime (CUP 2005), quoted as: Cryer, Prosecuting (2005);
- Cryer, R., Friman, H., Robinson, D. and Wilmshurst, E., An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure (CUP 3rd edition 2014), quoted as: Author, in Cryer et al., ICL (2014);
- Cryer, R., Robinson, D. and Vasiliev, S., An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure (CUP 4th edition 2019), quoted as: Author, in Cryer et al., ICL (2019);
- Currat, P., Les crimes contre l’humanité dans le Statut de Rome de la Cour Pénale Internationale (Bruylant et al. 2006), quoted as: Currat, Crimes (2006);
- Damaška, M., Evaluation of Evidence – Pre-Modern and Modern Approaches (CUP 2018), quoted as: Damaška, Evidence (2018);
- Darby, J., ‘Penal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany’, in The American Series of Foreign Penal Codes, Vol. XXVIII (Rothman 1987), quoted as: Darby, German Penal Code (1987);
- Darcy, S. and Powderly, J. (eds.), Judicial Creativity at the International Criminal Tribunals (OUP 2010), quoted as: Author, in Darcy and Powderly, Creativity (2010);
- David, E., Éléments de droit pénal international et européen (Bruylant 2nd edition 2018), quoted as: David, Éléments (2018);
- – Principes de droits des conflits armés (Bruylant 6th edition 2019), quoted as: David, Principes (2019);
- Dechenaud, D., Beaussonie, G. and Herran, T., Code pènal 2020 (LexisNexis 2019), quoted as: Dechenaud et al., CP (2019);
- De Hert Flamme, J., Holvoet, M. and Struyven, O. (eds.), Code of International Criminal Law and Procedure, Annotated (Larcier 2013), quoted as: Author, in De Hert et al., Code ICL (2013);
- Delmas-Marty, M. and Spencer, J.R. (eds.), European Criminal Procedures (CUP 2002), quoted as: Author, in Delmas-Marty and Spencer, Criminal Procedures (2002);
- De Meester, K., The Investigation Phase in International Criminal Procedure (Intersentia 2015), quoted as: De Meester, Investigation Phase (2015);
- Dixon, R., Khan, K. and Fulford, A., Archbold: International Criminal Courts: Practice, Procedure and Evidence (Sweet and Maxwell 5th edition 2018), quoted as: Author, in Dixon et al., International Criminal Courts (2018);
- Dörmann, K., Elements of War Crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Sources and Commentary (CUP 2003), quoted as: Dörmann, Elements (2003);
- Doria, J., Gasser, H.-P. and Bassiouni, M.C. (eds.), The Legal Regime of the International Criminal Court: Essays in Honour of Professor Igor Blishchenko (Nijhoff 2009), quoted as: Author, in Doria et al., Legal Regime (2009);
- Drumbl, M.A., Atrocity, Punishment, and International Law (CUP 2007), quoted as: Drumbl, Atrocity (2007);
- Dubler, R. and Kalyk, M., Crimes against Humanity in the 21st Century (Brill 2018), quoted as: Dubler and Kalyk, CaH (2018);
- El Zeidy, M.M., The Principle of Complementarity in International Criminal Law (Brill 2008), quoted as: El Zeidy, Complementarity (2008);
- Eser, A., Comparative Criminal Law (Beck/Hart/Nomos 2017), quoted as: Eser, Comparative Criminal Law (2017);
- European Law Students’ Association (ELSA) (ed.), Handbook on the Draft Statute for an International Criminal Court (ELSA 2nd edition 1998), quoted as: ELSA, Handbook (1998);
- Fernandez, F. and Pacreau, X. (eds.), Statut de Rome de la Cour Pénale Internationale: Commentaire article par article, Two Volumes (Pedone 2012), quoted as: Author, in Fernandez and Pacreau, Commentaire I/II (2012);
- Fernandez, F., Pacreau, X. and Ubéda-Saillard, M. (eds.), Statut de Rome de la Cour Pénale Internationale: Commentaire article par article, Two Volumes (Pedone 2nd ed. 2019), quoted as: Author, in Fernandez et al., Commentaire I/II (2019);
- Feuerbach, P.J.A. von, Lehrbuch des gemeinen in Deutschland gültigen peinlichen Rechts (5th edition 1812), quoted as: Feuerbach, Lehrbuch (1812);
- Fiandaca, G. and Musco, E., Diritto Penale. Parte Generale (Zanichelli 8th edition 2019), quoted as: Fiandaca and Musco, DP (2019);
- Figueiredo Dias, J., Direito penal: Parte general, Vol. I (Coimbra Editora 3rd edition 2019), quoted as: Figueiredo, DP (2019);
- Finnin, S., Elements of Accessorial Modes of Liability: Article 25 (3) (b) and (c) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Brill 2012), quoted as: Finnin, Accessorial Modes (2012);
- Fischer, H., Kreß, C. and Lüder, S.R. (eds.), International and National Prosecution of Crimes under International Law: Current Developments (Arno Spitz 2001), quoted as: Author, in Fischer et al., Prosecution (2001);
- Fischer, H. and Lüder, S.R. (eds.), Völkerrechtliche Verbrechen vor dem Jugoslawien-Tribunal, nationalen Gerichten und dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof: Beiträge Zur Entwicklung einer effektiven internationalen Strafgerichtsbarkeit (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag 1999), quoted as: Author, in Fischer and Lüder, Verbrechen (1999);
- Fleck, D. (ed.), The Handbook of Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts (OUP 1999, 2nd edition 2008, 3rd edition 2013), quoted as: Author, in Fleck, Handbook IHL (1999)/(2008)/(2013);
- Fletcher, G.P., Rethinking Criminal Law (OUP 1978, reprint 2002), quoted as: Fletcher, Rethinking (1978/2002);
- – Basic Concepts of Criminal Law (OUP 1998), quoted as: Fletcher, Concepts (1998); Frowein, J. A. and Peukert, W., Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention, EMRK-Kommentar (Engel 3rd edition 2009), quoted as: Frowein and Peukert, EMRK (2009);
- Gaeta, P. (ed.), The UN Genocide Convention, A Commentary (OUP 2009), quoted as: Author, in Gaeta, UN Genocide Convention (2009);
- Galand, A.S., UN Security Council Referrals to the International Criminal Court (Brill 2019), quoted as: Galand, UNSC Referrals (2019);
- Garner, B.A., Garner’s Dictionary of Legal Usage (OUP 3rd edition 2011), quoted as: Garner, Legal Usage (2011);
- – (ed.), Black’s Law Dictionary (West 11th edition 2019), quoted as: Author, in Garner, Dictionary (2019);
- Giannoulopoulos, D., Improperly Obtained Evidence in Anglo-American and Continental Law (Hart 2019), quoted as: Giannoulopoulos, Evidence (2019);
- Ginsburgs, G. and Kudriavtsev, V.N. (eds.), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law (Nijhoff 1990), quoted as: Author, in Ginsburgs and Kudriavtsev, Nuremberg (1990);
- Gless, S., Internationales Strafrecht: Grundriss für Studium und Praxis (Helbing & Lichtenhahn 2nd edition 2015), quoted as: Gless, Internationales Strafrecht (2015);
- Gil Gil, A., Derecho Penal Internacional (Tecnos 1999), quoted as: Gil, DPI (1999);
- Gil Gil, A. and Maculan, E. (eds.), Derecho Penal Internacional (Dykinson S.L. 2nd edition 2019), quoted as: Author, in Gil and Maculan, DPI (2019);
- Gordon, G., Atrocity Speech Law (OUP 2017), quoted as: Gordon, Atrocity Speech Law (2017);
- Grabenwarter, C., European Convention on Human Rights-Commentary (Beck/Hart/Nomos 2014), quoted as: Grabenwarter, ECHR (2014);
- Grützner, H., Pötz, P-G. and Kreß, C. (eds.), Internationaler Rechtshilfeverkehr in Strafsachen (3rd edition 2007 et seq. loose-leaf), quoted as: Author, in Grützner et al., Rechtshilfeverkehr (year);
- Guariglia, F., Batros, B., Gallmetzer, R. and Mugwanya, G., The Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court – Commentary and Digest of Jurisprudence (CUP 2018), quoted as: Guariglia et al., AC ICC Commentary (2018);
- Guilfoyle, D., International Criminal Law (OUP 2016), quoted as: Guilfoyle, ICL (2016);
- Hafetz, J., Punishing Atrocities through a Fair Trial – International Criminal Law from Nuremberg to the Age of Global Terrorism (CUP 2018), quoted as: Hafetz, Atrocities (2018);
- Hall, J., General Principles of Criminal Law (Bobbs-Merrill Company 2nd edition 1960), quoted as: Hall, General Principles (1960);
- Hankel, G., Die Leipziger Prozesse, deutsche Kriegsverbrechen und ihre strafrechtliche Verfolgung nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg (Hamburger Edition 2003), quoted as: Hankel, Leipziger Prozesse (2003);
- Harris, D., O’Boyle, M., Bates, E. and Buckley, C., Law of the European Convention on Human Rights (OUP 4th edition 2018), quoted as: Harris et al., ECHR (2018);
- Hatchard, J., Huber, B. and Vogler, R. (eds.), Comparative Criminal Procedure (BIICL 1996), quoted as: Author, in Hatchard et al., Criminal Procedure (1996);
- Heinze, A., International Criminal Procedure and Disclosure (Duncker & Humblot 2014), quoted as: Heinze, Disclosure (2014);
- Heller, K.J., The Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the Origins of International Criminal Law (OUP 2011), quoted as: Heller, Nuremberg (2011);
- Heller, K.J. and Dubber, M.D. (eds.), The Handbook of Comparative Criminal Law (Stanford 2011), quoted as: Author, in Heller and Dubber, Comparative Criminal Law (2011);
- Heller, K.J., Mégret, F., Nouwen, S., Ohlin, J. and Robinson, D. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law (OUP 2020), quoted as: Author, in Heller et al., Oxford HB ICL (2020);
- Hemptinne (de), J., Roth, R. and van Sliedregt, E., Modes of Liability in ICL (CUP 2019), quoted as: Author in Hemptinne et al., Modes (2019);
- Henckaerts, J.M. and Doswald-Beck, L., Customary International Humanitarian Law, Vol. I: Rules, Vol. II: Practice (CUP 2005), quoted as: Henckaerts and Doswald-Beck, Customary IHL I/II (2005);
- Hollander, C., Documentary Evidence (Sweet & Maxwell 13th edition 2018), quoted as: Hollander, Evidence (2018);
- Horder, J., Ashworth’s Principles of Criminal Law (OUP 9th edition 2019), quoted as: Horder, Principles (2019);
- Human Rights Watch, Justice in the Balance: Recommendations for an Independent and Effective International Criminal Court (1998), quoted as: HRW, Balance (1998);
- – Genocide, War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity: Topical Digests of the Case Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (2004), quoted as: HRW, Case Law ICTY and ICTR (2004);
- ICRC, Commentary on Geneva Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (1952, 2nd edition 2016), quoted as: ICRC, Commentary GC I (1952)(2016);
- – Commentary on the Second Geneva Convention (2017), quoted as: ICRC, Commentary GC II (2017);
- – Commentary on the Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1960), quoted as: ICRC, Commentary GC I (1960);
- – Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention (2019), quoted as: ICRC, Commentary III (2019);
- – Commentary on the (IV) Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1958), quoted as: ICRC, Commentary IV (1958);
- – Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (1987), quoted as: ICRC, Commentary Add. Prot. (1987);
- – Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law (2009), quoted as: ICRC, Participation in Hostilities (2009);
- Ingadottir, T., The International Criminal Court: Recommendations on Policy and Practice (Transnational Publishers 2003), quoted as: Ingadottir, ICC Recommendations (2003);
- Jackson, J. and Summers, S., The Internationalisation of Criminal Evidence (CUP 2012), quoted as: Jackson and Summers, Evidence (2012);
- Jalloh, C.C., The Sierra Leone Special Court and its Legacy (CUP 2013); quoted as: Author, in Jalloh, Sierra Leone (2013);
- Jalloh, C.C. and Bantekas, I. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Africa (OUP 2017), quoted as: Author, in Jalloh and Bantekas, ICC and Africa (2017);
- Jalloh, C.C. and Marong, A. (eds.), Promoting Accountability under International Law for Gross Human Rights Violations in Africa (Brill 2015), quoted as: Author, in Jalloh and Marong, Accountability (2015);
- Jennings, R. and Watts, A., Oppenheim’s International Law (Longman 9th edition 1992), quoted as: Jennings and Watts, Oppenheim (1992);
- – Oppenheim’s International Law (OUP 9th edition, reprint 2008), quoted as: Jennings and Watts, Oppenheim (2008);
- Jescheck, H., Die Verantwortlichkeit der Staatsorgane nach Völkerrecht (Röhrscheid 1952), quoted as: Jescheck, Verantwortlichkeit (1952);
- Jescheck, H. and Weigend, T, Lehrbuch des Strafrechts. Allgemeiner Teil (Duncker & Humblot 5th edition 1996), quoted as: Jescheck and Weigend, Strafrecht (1996);
- Jeßberger, F. and Geneuss, J. (eds.), Why Punish Perpetrators of Mass Atrocities (CUP 2020), quoted as: Author, in Jessberger and Geneuss, Punish Perpetrators (2020);
- Joecks, W., Miebach, K. (eds.), Safferling, Ch. (volume editor), Münchener Kommentar zum Strafgesetzbuch: Vol. VIII Nebenstrafrecht III, Völkerstrafgesetzbuch (Beck 3rd edition 2018), quoted as: Author, in Safferling, MüKo VIII (2018);
- Jones, J.R.W.D and Powles, S., International Criminal Practice (Transnational Publishers 3rd edition 2003), quoted as: Jones and Powles, Practice (2003);
- Jørgensen, N.H.B., The Elgar Companion to the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (Elgar 2018), quoted as: Jørgensen, ECCC (2018);
- Kaufmann, A., Die Dogmatik der Unterlassungsdelikte (Schwartz 2nd edition 1988), quoted as: Kaufmann, Unterlassungsdelikte (1988);
- Kadish, S.H., Schulhofer, S.J, Steiker, C.S. and Barkow, R.E., Criminal Law and its Processes (Wolters Kluwer 9th edition 2012), quoted as: Kadish et al., Criminal Law (2012);
- Kastner, P. (ed.), International Criminal Law in Context (Routledge 2018), quoted as: Author, in Kastner, ICL (2018);
- Khan, K.A. A., Buisman, C. and Gosnell, C., Principles of Evidence in International Criminal Justice (OUP 2010), quoted as: Khan et al., Evidence Principles (2010);
- Kischel, U., Comparative Law (OUP 2019), quoted as: Kischel, Comparative Law (2019);
- Kittichaisaree, K., International Criminal Law (OUP 2001), quoted as: Kittichaisaree, ICL (2001);
- Klamberg, M. (ed.), Commentary on the Law of The International Criminal Court (Torkel Opsahl 2017), available at https://cilrap-lexsitus.org/clicc or https://www.toaep.org/ps-pdf/29-klamberg, quoted as: Author, in Klamberg, Commentary (2017), URL (if the online commentary is cited) or note XX (if the print version is cited);
- Klamberg, M., Evidence in International Criminal Trials: Confronting Legal Gaps and the Reconstruction of Disputed Events (Nijhoff 2013), quoted as: Klamberg, Evidence (2013);
- Klip, A., European Criminal Law: An Integrative Approach (Intersentia 2016), quoted as: Klip, EurCrL (2016);
- Knoops, G.-J.A., Surrendering to International Criminal Courts: Contemporary Practice and Procedures (Transnational Publishers 2002), quoted as: Knoops, Surrendering (2002);
- – Defenses in Contemporary International Criminal Law (Nijhoff 2nd edition 2008), quoted as: Knoops, Defenses (2008);
- Kolb, R., Advanced Introduction to International Humanitarian Law (Elgar 2014), quoted as: Kolb, IHL (2014);
- Kolb, R. and Scalia, D. (eds.), Droit International Pénal: Précis (Pedone 2nd edition 2012), quoted as: Author, in Kolb and Scalia, DIP (2012);
- König, K.-M., Die völkerrechtliche Legitimation der Strafgewalt internationaler Strafjustiz (Nomos 2003), quoted as: König, Legitimation (2003);
- Kreicker, H., Völkerrechtliche Exemtionen, Two Volumes (Duncker & Humblot, 2007), quoted as: Kreicker, Exemtionen I/II (2007);
- Kreß, C. and Lattanzi, F. (eds.), The Rome Statute and Domestic Legal Orders. I: General Aspects and Constitutional Issues (Nomos 2000), quoted as: Author, in Kreß and Lattanzi, Rome Statute I (2000);
- Kreß, C., Lattanzi, F., Broomhall, B. and Santori, V. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and Domestic Legal Orders, Vol. II: Constitutional Issues, Cooperation and Enforcement (Nomos 2005), quoted as: Author, in Kreß et al., Rome Statute II (2005);
- Kreß, C. and Barriga, S. (eds.), The Trauvaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (CUP 2012), quoted as: Author, in Kreß and Barriga, Trauvaux Préparatoires Aggression (2012);
- – The Crime of Aggression: A Commentary, Two Volumes (CUP 2017), quoted as: Author, in Kreß, Barriga, Aggression I/II (2017);
- Kuczynska, H., The Accusation Model before the International Criminal Court (Springer 2015), quoted as: Kuczynska, Accusation Model (2015);
- LaFave, W.R., Criminal Law (West Publishing 6th edition 2017), quoted as: LaFave, Criminal Law (2017);
- LaFave, W.R. and Scott, W.A., Substantive Criminal Law, Vol. I (West Publishing 1986), quoted as: LaFave and Scott, Criminal Law I (1986);
- Langer, M. and Sklansky, D.A. (eds.), Prosecutors and Democracy: A Cross-National Study (CUP 2017), quoted as: Author, in Langer and Sklansky, Prosecutors (2017);
- Larguier, J., Droit penal général (Dalloz 23th edition 2018), quoted as: Larguier, DP (2018);
- Lattanzi, F. (ed.), The International Criminal Court: Comments on the Draft Statute (Editoriale Scientifica 1998), quoted as: Author, in Lattanzi, ICC (1998);
- Lattanzi, G. and Monetti, V. (eds.), La Corte Penale Internazionale: Organi-Competenza-Reati-Processo (Giuffrè 2006), quoted as: Author, in Lattanzi and Monetti, CPI (2006);
- Lattanzi, F. and Schabas, W. (eds.), Essays on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Two Volumes (Il Sirente 1999, reprint 2000), quoted as: Author, in Lattanzi and Schabas, Essays I/II (1999);
- Lee, R.S. (ed.), The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute – Issues, Negotiations, Results (Kluwer Law International 1999), quoted as: Author, in Lee, ICC (1999);
- – The International Criminal Court: Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence (Transnational Publishers 2001), quoted as: Author, in Lee, ICC (2001);
- – States’ Responses to Issues Arising from the ICC Statute: Constitutional, Sovereignty, Judicial Cooperation and Criminal Law (Transnational Publishers 2005), quoted as: Author, in Lee, ICC (2005);
- Leroy, J., Droit Pénal Général (L.G.D.J. 7th edition 2018), quoted as: Leroy, DP (2018);
- Linton, S., Simpson, G. and Schabas, W.A. (eds.), For the Sake of Present and Future Generations: Essays on International Law, Crime and Justice in Honour of Roger S. Clark (Brill 2015), quoted as: Author, in Linton et al., Essays (2015);
- Lobba, P. and Mariniello, T. (eds.), Judicial Dialogue on Human Rights – The Practice of International Criminal Tribunals (Brill 2017), quoted as: Author, in Lobba and Mariniello, Judicial Dialogue (2017);
- Maier, J., Derecho procesal penal. Tomo 1. Fundamentos (del Puerto 4th edition 2016), quoted as: Maier, Derecho procesal penal (2016);
- Malek, H.M. (general ed.), Phipson on Evidence (Sweet & Maxwell 19th edition 2017), quoted as: Author, in Malek, Evidence (2017);
- Margariti, S., Defining International Terrorism – Between State Sovereignty and Cosmopolitanism (Asser Press and Springer 2017), quoted as: Margariti, Terrorism (2017);
- May, L., Crimes against Humanity: A Normative Account (CUP 2005), quoted as: May, CaH (2005);
- May, L. and Fyfe, S., International Criminal Tribunals (CUP 2017), quoted as: May and Fyfe, Tribunals (2017);
- May, R., Tolbert, D., Hocking, J., Roberts, K., Jia, B.B., Mundis, D., and Oosthuizen, G. (eds.), Essays on ICTY Procedure and Evidence in Honour of Gabrielle Kirk McDonald (Kluwer 2001), quoted as: Author, in May et al., Essays McDonald (2001);
- May, R. and Wierda, M., International Criminal Evidence (Transnational Publishers 2002), quoted as: May and Wierda, Evidence (2002);
- Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public and International Law (ed.), Max Planck encyclopedias of international law (OUP since 2008), available at https://opil.ouplaw.com/home/mpil, quoted as: Author, in MPEPIL (last updated <year>) mn.;
- McDermott, Y., Fairness in International Criminal Trials (OUP 2016), quoted as: McDermott, Fairness (2016);
- McDonald, G.K. and Swaak-Goldman, O. (eds.), Substantive and Procedural Aspects of International Criminal Law, The Experience of International and National Courts, Two Volumes (Kluwer Law International 2000), quoted as: Author, in McDonald and Swaak-Goldman, ICL I/II (2000);
- McGoldrick, D., Rowe, P. and Donnelly, E. (eds.), The Permanent ICC – Legal and Policy Issues (Hart 2004), quoted as: Author, in McGoldrick et al., ICC (2004);
- Meyrowitz, H., La repression par les tribunaux allemands des crimes contre l’humanité et l’apparence a une organisation criminelle: En application de la Loi No 10 du Conseil de Controle Allie (Pichon et Durand-Auzias 1960), quoted as: Meyrowitz, Loi No 10 (1960);
- Meißner, J., Die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof nach dem Römischen Statut (C.H. Beck 2003), quoted as: Meißner, Zusammenarbeit (2003);
- Merle, R. and Vitu, A., Traité de droit criminal (2000), quoted as: Merle and Vitu, Droit Criminal (2000);
- Meron, T., The Humanisation of International Law (Nijhoff 2006), quoted as: Meron, Humanisation IL (2006);
- Mettraux, G., International Crimes and the Ad Hoc Tribunals (OUP 2005), quoted as: Mettraux, Tribunals (2005);
- – The Law of Command Responsibility (OUP 2009), quoted as: Mettraux, Responsibility (2009);
- – International Crimes: Law and Practice. Vol. I, Genocide (OUP 2019), quoted as: Mettraux, Genocide (2019);
- Mir Puig, S., Derecho Penal Parte General (Reppertor Colección 10th edition 2015), quoted as: Mir Puig, DP (2015);
- Moeckli, D., Shah, S., Sivakumaran, S. and Harris, D. (eds.), International Human Rights Law (OUP 3rd edition 2018), quoted as: Author, in Moeckli et al., International HRL (2018);
- Morris, V. and Scharf, M.P., An Insider’s Guide to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Two Volumes (Transnational Publishers 1995), quoted as: Morris and Scharf, ICTY I/II (1995);
- – The International Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda. Two Volumes (Transnational Publishers 1998), quoted as: Morris and Scharf, ICTR I/II (1998);
- Munday, R., Cross & Tapper on Evidence (OUP 13th edition 2018), quoted as: Munday, Evidence (2018);
- Muñoz Conde, F. and García Arán, M., Derecho Penal. Parte General (Tirant lo Blanch 9th edition 2015), quoted as: Muñoz and García, DP (2015);
- Murray, R. (ed.), The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights – A Commentary (OUP 2019), quoted as: Author, in Murray, ACHPR Commentary (2019);
- Nadj, D., International Criminal Law and Sexual Violence against Women: The Interpretation of Gender in the Contemporary International Criminal Trial (Routledge 2018), quoted as: Nadj, ICL and Sexual Violence (2018);
- Nicholson, J. (ed.), Strengthening the Validity of International Criminal Tribunals (Brill 2018), quoted as: Author, in Nicholson, Validity (2018);
- Noll, P. and Trechsel, S., Schweizerisches Strafrecht, Allgemeiner Teil I, Allgemeine Voraussetzung der Strafbarkeit (Schulthess 6th edition 2004), quoted as: Noll and Trechsel, Strafrecht (2004);
- Nowak, M., U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary (Engel 1994, 2nd edition 2005), quoted as: Nowak, CCPR Commentary (1994)/(2005);
- Nybondas M, Command Responsibility and its Applicability to Civilian Superiors (Springer 2010), quoted as: Nybondas, Command Responsibility (2010);
- Harris, D., O’Boyle, M., Warbrick, C., Bates, E. and Buckley, C., The Law of the European Convention on Human Rights (OUP 4th edition 2018), quoted as: Harris et al., ECHR (2018);
- Oehler, D., Internationales Strafrecht (Heymanns 1983), quoted as: Oehler, Strafrecht (1983);
- O’Keefe R., International Criminal Law (OUP 2015), quoted as: O’Keefe, ICL (2015);
- Olásolo, H., The Triggering Procedure of the International Criminal Court (Brill 2005), quoted as: Olásolo, Procedure (2005);
- – International Criminal Law, Transnational Criminal Organizations and Transitional Justice (Brill 2018), quoted as: Olásolo, ICL (2018);
- Oppenheim, L.L.F. and Lauterpacht, H., International Law: A Treatise, Vol. II (Longmans 6th edition 1944, 7th edition 1952), quoted as: Oppenheim and Lauterpacht, International Law II (1944)/(1952);
- Ormerod, D. and Laird, K., Smith and Hogan’s Criminal Law (OUP 15th edition 2018), quoted as: Ormerod and Laird, Smith and Hogan (2018);
- Paust, J.J., Bassiouni, M.C., Scharf, M., Sadat, L., Gurulé, J. and Zargaris, B., International Criminal Law: Cases and Materials (Carolina Academic Press 4th edition 2013), quoted as: Paust et al., ICL (2013);
- Pedretti, R., Immunity of Heads of State and State Officials for International Crimes (Brill 2015), quoted as: Pedretti, Immunity (2015);
- Peter, P., Kommentar zum Militärstrafgesetz, Besonderer Teil (Dike 1992), quoted as: Peter, Militärstrafgesetz (1992);
- Pictet, J. (ed.), Commentary on the Geneva Convention I (ICRC 1952), quoted as: Pictet, Commentary I (1952);
- – Commentary on the Geneva Convention II (ICRC 1960), quoted as: Pictet, Commentary II (1960);
- – Commentary on the Geneva Convention III (ICRC 1960), quoted as: Pictet, Commentary III (1960);
- – Commentary on the Geneva Convention IV (ICRC 1958), quoted as: Pictet, Commentary IV (1958);
- Pikis, G. M., The Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court, Analysis of the Statute, the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (Brill/Nijhoff 2010), quoted as: Pikis, Rome Statute (2010);
- Pitcher, K., Judicial Responses to Pre-Trial Procedural Violations in International Criminal Proceedings (Asser Press 2018), quoted as: Pitcher, Pre-Trial Procedural Violations (2018);
- Politi, M. and Nesi, G. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Challenge to Impunity (Ashgate 2001), quoted as: Author, in Politi and Nesi, Rome Statute (2001);
- Pradel, J., Droit Pénal Comparé (Dalloz 2nd edition 1995, 4th edition 2016), quoted as: Pradel, DPComparé (1995)/(2016);
- – Droit Pénal Général (Cujas 22nd edition 2019), quoted as: Pradel, DPGénéral (2019); Pulitanò, D., Diritto penale (Giappichelli 8th edition 2019), quoted as: Pulitanó, DP (2019);
- Rainey, B., Wicks, E., and Ovey, C., Jacobs, White and Ovey: The European Convention on Human Rights (OUP 7th edition 2017), quoted as: Rainey et al., ECHR (2017);
- Rebut, D., Droit pénal international (3rd edition Dalloz 2019), quoted as: Rebut, DPI (2019); Reed, A. and Bohlander, M. (eds.), General Defences in Criminal Law – Domestic and Comparative Perspectives (Ashgate 2014), quoted as: Author, in Reed and Bohlander, Defences (2014);
- Reid, K., A Practitioner’s Guide to the European Convention on Human Rights (Sweet & Maxwell 5th edition 2015), quoted as: Reid, Guide (2015);
- Reimann, M. and Zimmermann, R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law (OUP 2nd edition 2019), quoted as: Author, in Reimann and Zimmermann, Oxford HB CompL (2019);
- Reydams, L., Wouters, J., Ryngaert, C. (eds.), The International Prosecutor from Nuremberg to the Hague (OUP 2012), quoted as: Author, in Reydams et al., International Prosecutor (2012);
- Robinson, P.H., Criminal Law Defenses, Two Volumes (West 1984), quoted as: Robinson, Defenses I/II (1984);
- Rodley, N., The Treatment of Prisoners under International law (OUP 3rd edition 2009), quoted as: Rodley, Prisoners (2009);
- Rodriguez Devesa, J.M. and Serrano Gomez, A., Derecho Penal Español. Parte General (Dykinson 18th edition 1995), quoted as: Rodriguez Devesa and Serrano Gomez, DP (1995);
- Rohan, C. and Zyberi, G. (eds.), Defense Perspectives on International Criminal Justice (CUP 2017), quoted as: Author, in Rohan and Zyberi, Defense Perspectives (2017);
- Röling, B.V.A. and Rüter, C.F. (eds.), The Tokyo Judgment: The International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Two Volumes (UPA 1977), quoted as: Author, in Röling and Rüter, Tokyo Judgment I/II (1977);
- Romano, C.P.R., Nollkaemper, A. and Kleffner, J.K. (eds.), Internationalized criminal courts: Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo and Cambodia (OUP 2004), quoted as: Author, in Romano et al., Internationalized criminal courts (2004);
- Ross, J. and Thaman, S. (eds.), Comparative Criminal Procedure (Elgar 2016), quoted as: Author, in Ross and Thaman, Comparative Criminal Procedure (2016);
- Roxin, C., Täterschaft und Tatherrschaft (De Gruyter 9th edition 2015, 10th edition 2019), quoted as: Roxin, Täterschaft (2015)/(2019);
- – Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Vol. I: Grundlagen: Aufbau der Verbrechenslehre (Beck 4th edition 2006), quoted as: Roxin, Strafrecht AT I (2006);
- – Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Vol. II: Besondere Erscheinungsformen der Straftat (Beck 2003), quoted as: Roxin, Strafrecht AT II (2003);
- Roxin, C and Schünemann, B., Strafverfahrensrecht (Beck 29th edition 2017), quoted as: Roxin and Schünemann, Strafverfahrensrecht (2017);
- Ruys, T., Angelet, N. and Ferro, L. (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Immunities and International Law (CUP 2019), quoted as: Author, in Ruys et al., HB Immunities (2019);
- Sadat, L.N. (ed.), Forging a Convention for Crimes Against Humanity (CUP 2011), quoted as: Author, in Sadat, Convention (2011)
- Sadat, L.N. and Scharf, M.P. (eds.), The Theory and Practice of International Criminal Law – Essays in Honor of M. Cherif Bassiouni (Nijhoff 2008), quoted as: Author, in Sadat and Scharf, Theory and Practice (2008);
- Sadat Wexler, L. (ed.), Model Draft Statute for the International Criminal Court based on the Preparatory Committee’s text to the Diplomatic Conference, Rome, June 15-July 17 1998 (Érés 1998), quoted as: Author, in Sadat Wexler, Draft Statute (1998);
- – Observations on the Consolidated ICC Text before the Final session of the Preparatory Committee (Érés 1998), quoted as: Author, in Sadat Wexler, Observations (1998);
- Safferling, C., Towards an international criminal procedure (OUP 2001), quoted as: Safferling, International criminal procedure (2001);
- – Internationales Strafrecht (Springer 2011), quoted as: Safferling, Internationales Strafrecht (2011);
- – International Criminal Procedure (OUP 2012), quoted as: Safferling, Criminal Procedure (2012);
- Saltzburg, S.A. and Capra, D.J., American Criminal Procedure (West 9th edition 2010), quoted as: Saltzburg and Capra, Criminal Procedure (2010);
- Sandoz, Y., Swinarski, C. and Zimmermann, B. (eds.), Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Nijhoff/ICRC 1987), quoted as: Author, in Sandoz et al., Additional Protocols (1987);
- Satzger, H., International and European Criminal Law (Beck/Hart/Nomos 2018), quoted as: Satzger, ICL (2018);
- – Internationales und europäisches Strafrecht: Strafanwendungsrecht, europäisches Straf- und Strafverfahrensrecht, Völkerstrafrecht (Nomos 8th edition 2018), quoted as: Satzger, Internationales Strafrecht (2018);
- Schabas, W.A., The UN International Criminal Tribunals – The former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone (CUP 2006), quoted as: Schabas, UN Tribunals (2006);
- – The International Criminal Court: A Commentary on the Rome Statute (OUP 2010, 2nd edition 2016), quoted as: Schabas, ICC Commentary (2010)/(2016);
- – An Introduction to the International Criminal Court (CUP 5th edition 2017), quoted as: Schabas, Introduction ICC (2017);
- – The Trial of the Kaiser (OUP 2018), quoted as: Schabas, Kaiser (2018);
- – UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Nowak’s CCPR Commentary (Engel 3rd edition 2019), quoted as: Schabas, ICCPR Commentary (2019);
- Schabas, W.A. and Bernaz, N. (eds.), Routledge Handbook of International Criminal Law (Routledge 2011), quoted as: Author, in Schabas and Bernaz, Handbook ICL (2011);
- Schabas, W.A., McDermott, Y. and Hayes, N. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to International Criminal Law: Critical Perspectives (Routledge 2013), quoted as: Author, in Schabas et al., ICL (2013);
- Schermers, H.G. and Blokker, N.M., International Institutional Law (Nijhoff 6th edition 2018), quoted as: Schermers and Blokker, Institutional Law (2018);
- Schmitt, M. (general ed.), Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations, (CUP 2017), quoted as: Schmitt et al., Tallinn Manual 2.0 (2017);
- Schönke, A., and Schröder, H. (eds.), Strafgesetzbuch. Kommentar (Beck 30th edition 2019), quoted as: Author, in Schönke and Schröder, Strafgesetzbuch (2019);
- Schomburg, W., Lagodny, O., Gleß, S., and Hackner, T., Internationale Rechtshilfe in Strafsachen (Beck 5th edition 2012), Schomburg et al., Internationale Rechtshilfe (2012);
- Schomburg, W., Lagodny, O., Internationale Rechtshilfe in Strafsachen, (Beck 6th edition 2020), quoted as: Schomburg and Lagodny, Rechtshilfe (2020);
- Schuon, C., International Criminal Procedure: A Clash of Legal Cultures (Asser Press 2010), quoted as: Schuon, International Criminal Procedure (2010);
- Seidl-Hohenveldern, I. and Loibl, G., Das Recht der Internationalen Organisationen (Heymanns 7th edition 2000), quoted as: Seidl-Hohenveldern and Loibl, Organisationen (2000);
- Shaw, M.N., International Law (CUP 4th edition 1997, 6th edition 2008, 8th edition 2017), quoted as: Shaw, International Law (1997)/(2008)/(2017);
- Simester, A.P., Spencer, J.R., Stark, F., Sullivan, G.R. and Virgo, G.J., Simester and Sullivan’s Criminal Law. Theory and Doctrine (Hart 7th edition 2019), quoted as: Simester et al., Criminal Law (2019);
- Simma, B. (ed.), The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (OUP 2nd edition 2002), quoted as: Author, in Simma, UN Charter (2002);
- Simma, B., Khan, D.E., Nolte, G. and Paulus, A. (eds.), The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (OUP 3rd edition 2012), quoted as: Author, in Simma et al., UN Charter (2012);
- Sluiter, G., International Criminal Adjudication and the Collection of Evidence: Obligations of States (Intersentia 2002), quoted as: Sluiter, Evidence (2002);
- Sluiter, G., Friman, H., Linton, S., Vasiliev, S. and Zappalà, S. (eds.), International Criminal Procedure: Principles and Rules (OUP 2013), quoted as: Author, in Sluiter et al., International Criminal Procedure (2013);
- Soyer, J.-C., Droit pénal et procédure pénal (L.G.D.J. 21th edition 2012), quoted as: Soyer, DP (2012);
- Stahn, C. (ed.), A Critical Introduction to International Criminal Law (CUP 2019), quoted as: Stahn, Introduction ICL (2019);
- – The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court (OUP 2015), quoted as: Author, in Stahn, Practice (2015);
- Stahn, C. and El Zeidy, M.M. (eds.), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity: from Theory to Practice (CUP 2011), quoted as: Author, in Stahn and El Zeidy, Complementarity (2011);
- Stahn, C. and Sluiter, G. (eds.), The Emerging Practice of the International Criminal Court (Nijhoff 2009), quoted as: Author, in Stahn and Sluiter, ICC (2009);
- Stefani, G., Levasseur, G. and Bouloc, B., Droit Pénal Général (Dalloz 20th edition 2007), quoted as: Stefani et al., DP (2007);
- Stegmiller, I., The Pre-Investigation of the ICC: Criteria for Situation Selection (Duncker & Humblot 2011), quoted as: Stegmiller, Pre-Investigation (2011);
- Steiner, S.H. and Nemer Caldeira Brant, L. (eds.), O Tribunal Penal Internacional: Comentários ao Estatuto de Roma (del Rey 2016), quoted as: Author, in Steiner and Nemer, Comentarios (2016);
- Stigen, J., The Relationship Between the International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions: The Principle of Complementarity (Nijhoff 2008), quoted as: Stigen, Complementarity (2008);
- Stratenwerth, G., Schweizerisches Strafrecht, Allgemeiner Teil I (4th edition 2011), Stratenwerth, Straftat (2011);
- Tallgren, I. and Skouteris, T. (eds.), The New Histories of International Criminal Law (OUP 2019), quoted as: Author, in Tallgren and Skouteris, New Histories ICL (2019);
- Tams, C.J., Berster, L. and Schiffbauer, B., Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Beck 2014), quoted as: Author, in Tams et al., Convention (2014);
- Tibori-Szabó, K. and Hirst, M. (eds.), Victim Participation in International Criminal Justice (Springer 2017), quoted as: Author, in Tibori-Szabó and Hirst, Victim Participation (2017);
- Tochilovsky, V., The law and jurisprudence of the international criminal tribunals and courts: procedure and human rights aspects (Intersentia 2nd edition 2014), quoted as: Tochilovsky, ICTs (2014);
- Triffterer, O., Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil (Springer 2nd edition 1994), quoted as: Triffterer, Strafrecht (1994);
- – Dogmatische Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung des Materiellen Völkerstrafrechts seit Nürnberg (Albert Freiburg 1966), quoted as: Triffterer, Untersuchungen (1966);
- – (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Observer’s notes, article by article, (Nomos 1st edition 1999), quoted as: Author, in Triffterer, Commentary (1999);
- – (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Observer’s notes, article by article, (Beck/Hart/Nomos 2nd edition 2008), quoted as: Author, in Triffterer, Commentary (2008);
- Triffterer, O., Ambos, K. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, (Beck/Hart/Nomos 3rd edition 2016), quoted as: Author, in Triffterer and Ambos, Commentary (2016);
- UNWCC (ed.), History of the United Nations War Crimes Commission and the Development of the Laws of War (H.M. Stationery Office 1948), quoted as: UNWCC, History (1948);
- United States, General Printing Office (US-GPO) (ed.), Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Volumes I-XV (Hein 1948 reprint 1997), quoted as: US-GPO, TWC I-XV (1948)/(1997);
- Van Sliedregt, E., The Criminal Responsibility of Individuals for Violations of International Humanitarian Law (Asser Press 2003), quoted as: Van Sliedregt, Responsibility IHL (2003);
- – Individual Criminal Responsibility in International Law (OUP 2012), quoted as: Van Sliedregt, Responsibility (2012);
- Velásquez Velásquez, F., Fundamentos de derecho penal (Ediciones Jurídicas Andrés Morales 2nd edition 2018), quoted as: Velásquez, DP (2018);
- Vogler, R. and Huber, B. (eds.), Criminal Procedure in Europe (Duncker & Humblot 2008), quoted as: Author, in Vogler and Huber, Criminal Procedure (2008);
- Vohrah, L.C., Pocar, F., Featherstone, Y., Graham, M.F., Hocking, J. and Robson, N. (eds.), Man’s Inhumanity to Man, Essays on International Law in Honour of Antonio Cassese (Kluwer 2003), quoted as: Author, in Vohrah et al., Man’s Inhumanity (2003);
- von Hebel, H. (ed.), Reflections on the International Criminal Court (Springer 1999), quoted as: Author, in von Hebel, ICC (1999);
- Werle, G., Völkerstrafrecht (Mohr Siebeck 3rd edition 2012), quoted as: Werle, Völkerstrafrecht (2012);
- Werle, G., Fernandez, L. and Vormbaum, M. (eds.), Africa and the International Criminal Court (Springer 2014), quoted as: Author, in Werle et al., Africa (2014);
- Werle, G., and Jessberger, F., Völkerstrafrecht (Mohr Siebeck 4th edition 2016, 5th edition 2020), quoted as: Werle and Jessberger, Völkerstrafrecht (2016)/(2020);
- – Principles of International Criminal Law (OUP 3rd edition 2014, 4th edition 2020), quoted as: Werle and Jessberger, Principles ICL (2014)/(2020);
- Werle, G. and Vormbaum, M. (eds.), The African Criminal Court. A Commentary on the Malabo Protocol (Springer 2017), quoted as: Author, in Werle and Vormbaum, African Criminal Court (2017);
- Wiggenhorn, H., Verlierjustiz: die Leipziger Kriegsverbrecherprozesse nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg (Nomos 2005), quoted as: Wiggenhorn, Leipziger Prozesse (2005);
- Wiik, A., Amicus Curiae before International Courts and Tribunals (Nomos 2018), quoted as: Wiik, Amicus Curiae (2018);
- Williams, G., Text Book of Criminal Law (Steven & Sons 1978, 2nd edition 1983), quoted as: Williams, Criminal Law (1987)/(1983);
- Wilson, R.A., Incitement on Trial: Prosecuting International Speech Crimes (CUP 2017), quoted as: Wilson, Incitement (2017);
- Wolfrum, R. (ed.), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law Vol. I-X (OUP 2012), quoted as: Author, in Wolfrum, MPEPIL Vol. I-X (2012);
- Simma, B., Khan, D.E., Nolte, G. and Paulus, A. (eds.), The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (OUP 3rd edition 2012), quoted as: Author, in Simma et al., UN Charter (2012);
- Yanev, L.D., Theories of Co-Perpetration in International Criminal Law (Brill 2018), quoted as: Yanev, Co-Perpetration (2018);
- Zaffaroni, E.R., Derecho Penal. Parte General (EDIAR 2nd edition 2002), quoted as: Zaffaroni, DP (2002);
- Zahar, A. and Sluiter, G., International Criminal Law (OUP 2007), quoted as: Zahar and Sluiter, ICL (2007);
- Zappalà, S., Human Rights in International Criminal Proceedings (OUP 2005), quoted as: Zappalá, Human Rights (2005);
- Zeegers, K., International Criminal Tribunals and Human Rights Law (Asser Press/Springer 2016), quoted as: Zeegers, ICTs and Human Rights Law (2016);
- Ziegenhahn, D., Der Schutz der Menschenrechte bei der grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit in Strafsachen (Duncker & Humblot 2002), quoted as: Ziegenhahn, Menschenrechte (2002);
- Ziegler, A., Weber, R. and Wehrenberg, S. (eds.), Kriegsverbrecher Prozesse in der Schweiz (Schulthess 2009), quoted as: Author, in Ziegler et al., Kriegsverbrecher (2009);
- Zimmermann, A. and Freiburg-Braun, E., Aggression under the Rome Statute (Beck/Hart/Nomos 2019);
- Zhu, D., China and the International Criminal Court (Springer 2018), quoted as: Zhu, China and ICC (2018).